Criminal Career

Kriminalna karijera kao pojam u kriminološkoj literaturi prvi put se spominje 30-ih godina prošlog stoljeća u djelima Clifford R. Shawa (1931, prema Kyvsgaard, 2003), ali kao kvantitativni koncept dolazi tek u djelima Sheldona i Eleonor Glueck (Singer, 1996) koja se smatraju pretečom razvoja koncepta kriminalne karijere. Kriminalna karijera kao koncept u Hrvatskoj koristi se najčešće kao opis nečije kriminalne prošlosti, tj. vrstu i broj počinjenih kaznenih djela. No, ne postoje nikakva istraživanja u Hrvatskoj koja istražuju karakteristike ovog koncepta u njegovoj cijelosti, već se većinom istraživanja temelje na istraživanju pojedinih dijelova koncepta kriminalne karijere. Informacije o ovom pojmu, kao i istraživanja temeljena na tim informacijama, koriste se za kreiranje prevencijske politike širom svijeta. Stoga je cilj ovog rada predstavljanje koncepta kriminalne karijere u cijelosti u Hrvatskoj, kao i njegovog značaja za razvoj i unaprjeđenje kriminološke, sudske i penološke prakse i politike u smislu prevencije kriminaliteta.Criminal career, as a notion from criminological literature, was for the first time mentioned in Clifford R�. Shaw’s works in the nineteen thirties (1931, Kyvsgaard, 2003), however, it was introduced as a q�uantitative concept by Sheldon’s and Eleonor Glueck’s writings (Singer, 1996) which have been considered to be an originator of developing the criminal career concept. In most cases the criminal career is used as a concept in Croatia to describe someone’s criminal past, i.e. a type and number of criminal acts committed. Nevertheless, there is no research in Croatia which would scrutinise characteristics of this concept taken as a whole. F�or the most part, researches have been based on examinations of the separate parts of the criminal career concept. Information on this notion, as well as researches based on such information, have been used to create a preventive policy around the world. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present the concept of criminal career in Croatia taken as a whole as well as its significance for development and advancement of criminological, court and penological practice and policy in the light of crime prevention

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INVOLVEMENT IN CRIMINAL LIFESTYLE AMONG PRISONERS CONSIDERING AGE, RECIDIVISM AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOUR

Ovaj rad dio je znanstvenog projekta „Evaluacija teorije kriminalnog i ovisničkog životnog stila u zatvorskom sustavu“ provedenog na Edukacijsko-rehabilitacijskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu i fi nanciranog od strane Ministarstva znanosti, obrazovanja i športa. Uzorak ispitanika činilo je 415 muških pravomoćno osuđenih punoljetnih počinitelja kaznenih djela koji su u razdoblju od prosinca 2007. godine do veljače 2009. godine bili u Odjelu za dijagnostiku i programiranje tretmana u Zatvoru u Zagrebu. Cilj je rada utvrditi postoje li razlike u dubini uključenosti u kriminalni životni stil s obzirom na dob i recidivizam ispitanika te nasilnost kaznenog djela. Podaci su prikupljeni pomoću Upitnika za mjerenje dubine uključenosti u kriminalni životni stil (Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form – LCSF, Walters, 1990; Buđanovac, Jandrić, 2007). Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su kako postoje značajne razlike u dubini uključenosti u kriminalni životni stil s obzirom na dob, recidivizam i nasilnost kaznenog djela na način da su ispitanici u najmlađoj dobnoj skupini, recidivisti i nasilnici dublje uključeni u kriminalni životni stil od ostalih zatvorenika.This paper is a part of a scientifi c project „Evaluation of Criminal and Drug Lifestyle in Croatian Prison System“. The project is conducted at the Faculty of education and rehabilitation sciences and is funded by the Ministry of science, education and sport.The sample consists of 415 convicted male prisoners who were stated at the Department of diagnostics and treatment programming in Zagreb from the December 2007. until February 2009. The aim of this paper is to determent differences in criminal lifestyle considering age, recidivism and violent behaviour. The data were collected using Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form – LCSF, Walters, 1990; Buđanovac, Jandrić, 2007). The results showed some differences in criminal lifestyle considering age, recidivism and violent behaviour – younger offenders, recidivists and violent offenders are deeper in criminal lifestyle than the rest of a prison population

Resilience and prevention of behavioral disorders

Ovaj rad bavi se konceptom otpornosti u relaciji s prevencijom poremećaja u ponašanju. U središtu ovog koncepta nalazi se činjenica kako je razvijanje otpornosti na razini lokalne zajednice, obitelji, škole, ali i pojedinca najbolji način za prevenciju poremećaja u ponašanju. Kako bi to bilo moguće, bitno je prije svega prepoznati rizične čimbenike koji mogu utjecati na pojavu poremećaja u ponašanju, no isto tako, prepoznati i zaštitne čimbenike koji mogu spriječiti nastanak nepoželjnih oblika ponašanja. Rad daje prikaz koncepta otpornosti, kao i prikaz koncepta rizičnih i zaštitnih čimbenika u relaciji s poremećajima u ponašanju te pokušava dati odgovor na pitanje na koji se način koncept otpornosti može primijeniti u svrhu prevencije poremećaja u ponašanju.This paper deals with resilience in relation to prevention of behavioral disorders. In the center of the concept of resilience there is the fact that the development of resilience on the community, family and school level, as well as on the level of the individual, is the best way to prevent behavioral disorders. So, as to ensure that, it is crucial to recognize risk factors that can influence the appearance of behavioral disorders but likewise, to recognize protective factors that can prevent them from appearing, The paper also gives an overview of the resilience concept, as well as an overview of the concept of the risk and protective factors in relation to behavioral disorders and is offering an answer to the question in which way can the resilience concept be used for the purpose of prevention of behavioral disorders

Prevencija trgovanja ljudima

Trgovanje ljudima jedan je od najvećih problema današnjice. Prema dostupnim informacijama trgovanje ljudima treće je po redu na ljestvici globalnih problema, odmah iza trgovine ilegalnim drogama i trgovine oružjem. S obzirom na to da je to fenomen koji pogađa gotovo sve države svijeta, a posebice zemlje u tranziciji pa tako i Hrvatsku, nužno je razviti učinkovite strategije kako bi se protiv ovakvog načina iskorištavanja ljudi što uspješnije borili. Ovaj rad daje pregled nekih definicija koje se najčešće koriste, opseg stanja i kretanja ove pojave na globalnoj razini i Hrvatskoj. Također, daje se i pregled načina kako neke zemlje nastoje riješiti ovaj problem, uključujući i Hrvatsku te prijedlozi za poboljšanje postojećih strategija

Factor Analysis of the Question-Form the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles

Ovaj radi bavi se evaluacijom upitnika Psihološki inventar kriminalnih stilova razmišljanja (Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS), konstruiranog za mjerenje stilova razmišljanja koji su prema teoriji životnog stila (Walters, 1990) karakteristični za kriminalni životni stil, u hrvatskom zatvorskom sustavu. Provjerit će se mjerne karakteristike upitnika u cjelini kao i njegovih subskala. Konfirmativnom i eksplorativnom faktorskom analizom ispitat će se faktorska struktura upitnika. Uzorak ispitanika čini 399 muških pravomoćno osuđenih punoljetnih počinitelja kaznenih djela u dobi od 19 do 60 godina koji su u razdoblju od ožujka 2004. do lipnja 2005. prošli kroz Centar za psihosocijalnu dijagnostiku u Zatvoru u Zagrebu. Mjerne karakteristike upitnika bit će ispitane pomoću statističkog programa RTT-7, dok će se faktorska struktura ispitati faktorskom analizom sadržanom u programu SPSS (v.13). Rad je dio šireg projekta kojemu je svrha provjera instrumentarija i nekih osnovnih koncepata teorije životnog stila u hrvatskom zatvorskom sustavu.The subject of this paper is evaluation of the question-form The Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) constructed for the measurement of criminal thinking styles which are, according to the lifestyle theory (Walters, 1990), significant for the criminal lifestyle, in the Croatian prison system.. The sample of the question-form constitutes of 399 convicted adult males in the age range from 19 to 60 years, who have been stationed in the Centre for psychosocial diagnostics in Prison in Zagreb, from March 2004 until June 2005. Factor structure will be examined with the confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis using SPSS for Windows (v.13). Measure characteristics of the question-form will be examined in overall and subscale level using statistical programme RTT-7. This paper is a part of a larger project whose purpose is verification of the instruments and some basic concepts of the lifestyle theory in Croatian prison system

Consequences of Normation of the Criminological Term “Criminal Lifestyle” in a Legal System – The Case of Great Britain

Organizirani kriminalitet kao pojava već je niz godina predmetom proučavanja različitih stručnjaka na globalnoj razini u svim etiološkim i fenomenološkim oblicima i značajkama. Iako postoji mnogo studija o toj temi, recentna literatura potvrđuje kako je ovu pojavu još uvijek teško definirati, sagledati u organiziranoj rasprostranjenosti te se stoga organizirani kriminalitet vrlo teško može prepoznati. Međutim, sva se istraživanja ove tematike slažu kako je riječ o fenomenu koji načinom djelovanja predstavlja izravnu političku i gospodarsku opasnost u smislu funkcioniranja pravne države, pogotovo ako se u obzir uzme i korupcija koja ga često prati. U tom smislu, temeljeno na brojnim znanstvenim i stručnim analizama, različite zemlje imaju različite pristupe u borbi protiv organiziranog kriminaliteta i pri tome često posežu za vrlo inovativnim rješenjima na različitim razinama. Jedno od tih rješenja je i normiranje pojma "kriminalni životni stil" unutar pravnog sustava Velike Britanije, a svrha ovog rada je prikazati način na koji je taj pojam uveden u kaznenopravni sustav te neke od posljedica proizašlih iz tog uvođenja.Organized crime has long been in the focus of many studies by various global experts as regards all its etiological and phenomenological forms and features. Despite the numerous studies, recent literature confirms that this phenomenon is still difficult to define, appreciate in terms of its spread and, consequently, to recognize. However, researchers agree that this phenomenon is a direct political and economic threat to the functioning of the rule of law, especially if combined with corruption, which often goes abreast with this phenomenon. In this regard, based on numerous scientific and professional analyses, different countries have developed different approaches to fighting organized crime and have often devised very innovative solutions at different levels. Within the UK legal system, the term “criminal lifestyle” was introduced in the Proceeds of Crime Act of 2002 as a way of accelerating the process of seizing property acquired through the commission of crimes by individuals or groups connected with the organized crime community. According to Article 75 of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, a defendant has a criminal lifestyle if and only if one condition is satisfied. The condition is that the offence (or any of the offences) concerned satisfy any of these tests: it is specified in Schedule 2 of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, it constitutes conduct forming part of a course of criminal activity, it is an offence committed over a period of at least six months, and the defendant has benefited from the conduct which constitutes the offence. In sum, a person can be deemed to have a criminal lifestyle only if he or she has committed very specific criminal offences under very specific conditions. In this paper, the current scope of the term “criminal lifestyle” is summarized. In our opinion, the meaning of the term is much broader and the commission of criminal offenses is only one of its constituent parts, but not the most important one. Moreover, the conducted analysis of the effectiveness of this measure in British law showed that the introduction of this term with the specific conditions did not achieve the primary goal, which was seizure of property obtained through the commission of crimes by persons in the higher echelons of the organized crime community. Furthermore, considering that the Republic of Croatia had, until recently, a similar legal act, we have compared these two acts to identify the similarities and differences. Despite some similarities, the Croatian version did not introduce the term “criminal lifestyle” nor did it specify a monetary amount that a person would have to acquire in order to be deemed to “have” a criminal lifestyle, as is the case with the UK law. Finally, we concluded that the reason for the failure of the Croatian law was not the misuse of a certain criminological concept, but the fact that other measures, such as a lack of cooperation between the agencies involved in the prevention of organized crime and failure to recruit professionals who would follow the course of illegally acquired property, are also necessary for a successful fight against organized crime