3' non-translated sequences in Drosophila cyclin B transcripts direct posterior pole accumulation late in oogenesis and peri-nuclear association in syncytial embryos

We have characterised forms of the Drosophila cyclin B transcript that differ as a result of a splicing event which removes a nucleotide segment from the 3' untranslated region. In oogenesis, both cyclin A RNA and a shorter form of the cyclin B transcript are seen in the cells of the germarium that are undergoing mitosis. The shorter cyclin B transcript alone is then detectable in the presumptive oocyte until stages 7-8 of oogenesis. Both cyclin A RNA and a longer form of the cyclin B RNA are then synthesised in the nurse cells during stages 9-11, to be deposited in the oocyte during stages 11-12. These transcripts become evenly distributed throughout the oocyte cytoplasm but, in addition, those of cyclin B become concentrated at the posterior pole. Examination of the distributions of RNAs transcribed from chimeric cyclin genes indicates that sequences in the 3' untranslated region of the larger cyclin B RNA are required both for it to become concentrated at the posterior pole and to direct those transcripts in the body of the syncytial embryo to their peri-nuclear localisation. These sequences are disrupted by the splicing event which generates smaller cyclin B transcripts

3' non-translated sequences in Drosophila cyclin B transcripts direct posterior pole accumulation late in oogenesis and peri-nuclear association in syncytial embryos

We have characterised forms of the Drosophila cyclin B transcript that differ as a result of a splicing event which removes a nucleotide segment from the 3' untranslated region. In oogenesis, both cyclin A RNA and a shorter form of the cyclin B transcript are seen in the cells of the germarium that are undergoing mitosis. The shorter cyclin B transcript alone is then detectable in the presumptive oocyte until stages 7-8 of oogenesis. Both cyclin A RNA and a longer form of the cyclin B RNA are then synthesised in the nurse cells during stages 9-11, to be deposited in the oocyte during stages 11-12. These transcripts become evenly distributed throughout the oocyte cytoplasm but, in addition, those of cyclin B become concentrated at the posterior pole. Examination of the distributions of RNAs transcribed from chimeric cyclin genes indicates that sequences in the 3' untranslated region of the larger cyclin B RNA are required both for it to become concentrated at the posterior pole and to direct those transcripts in the body of the syncytial embryo to their peri-nuclear localisation. These sequences are disrupted by the splicing event which generates smaller cyclin B transcripts

Expression of N-terminally truncated cyclin B in the Drosophila larval brain leads to mitotic delay at late anaphase

We have introduced an N-terminally truncated form of cyclin B into the Drosophila germ-line downstream of the yeast upstream activator that responds to GAL4. When such lines of flies are crossed to lines in which GAL4 is expressed in imaginal discs and larval brain, the majority of the resulting progeny die at the late pupal stage of development. Very rarely (< 0.1% of progeny) adults emerge that have a mutant phenotype typical of flies with mutations in genes required for the cell cycle; they have rough eyes, deformed wings, abnormal bristles, and die within hours of emergence. The brains of third instar larval progeny show an abnormally high proportion of mitotic cells containing overcondensed chromatids that have undergone anaphase separation, together with cells that cannot be assigned to a particular mitotic stage. Immunostaining indicates that these anaphase cells contain moderate levels of cyclin B, suggesting that persistent p34^(cdc2) kinase activity can prevent progression from anaphase into telophase

Expression of N-terminally truncated cyclin B in the Drosophila larval brain leads to mitotic delay at late anaphase

We have introduced an N-terminally truncated form of cyclin B into the Drosophila germ-line downstream of the yeast upstream activator that responds to GAL4. When such lines of flies are crossed to lines in which GAL4 is expressed in imaginal discs and larval brain, the majority of the resulting progeny die at the late pupal stage of development. Very rarely (< 0.1% of progeny) adults emerge that have a mutant phenotype typical of flies with mutations in genes required for the cell cycle; they have rough eyes, deformed wings, abnormal bristles, and die within hours of emergence. The brains of third instar larval progeny show an abnormally high proportion of mitotic cells containing overcondensed chromatids that have undergone anaphase separation, together with cells that cannot be assigned to a particular mitotic stage. Immunostaining indicates that these anaphase cells contain moderate levels of cyclin B, suggesting that persistent p34^(cdc2) kinase activity can prevent progression from anaphase into telophase

Mitochondrial Association of a Plus End–Directed Microtubule Motor Expressed during Mitosis in Drosophila

The kinesin superfamily is a large group of proteins (kinesin-like proteins [KLPs]) that share sequence similarity with the microtubule (MT) motor kinesin. Several members of this superfamily have been implicated in various stages of mitosis and meiosis. Here we report our studies on KLP67A of Drosophila. DNA sequence analysis of KLP67A predicts an MT motor protein with an amino-terminal motor domain. To prove this directly, KLP67A expressed in Escherichia coli was shown in an in vitro motility assay to move MTs in the plus direction. We also report expression analyses at both the mRNA and protein level, which implicate KLP67A in the localization of mitochondria in undifferentiated cell types. In situ hybridization studies of the KLP67A mRNA during embryogenesis and larval central nervous system development indicate a proliferation-specific expression pattern. Furthermore, when affinity-purified anti-KLP67A antisera are used to stain blastoderm embryos, mitochondria in the region of the spindle asters are labeled. These data suggest that KLP67A is a mitotic motor of Drosophila that may have the unique role of positioning mitochondria near the spindle

Effect of preventive primary care outreach on health related quality of life among older adults at risk of functional decline: randomised controlled trial

Objective To evaluate the impact of a provider initiated primary care outreach intervention compared with usual care among older adults at risk of functional decline

Acid soils and soil acidification on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia

Soil acidification is a serious, world wide, land-degradation problem that can be accelerated by pasture management. In Australia, the true extent of soil acidification and distribution of acid soils is not fully known. Agriculturally-induced soil acidification is widespread in southern New South Wales (NSW), Australia, and active research has been undertaken in that area. Soil acidification is not well understood on the NSW Northern Tablelands and more research was needed to understand better soil acidification in NSW. The extent and severity of acid soils under pasture, and pasture management impacts on soil acidification in the Northern Tablelands region were assessed in this project

Optimal Configuration and Sizing of Seaport Microgrids including Renewable Energy and Cold Ironing—The Port of Aalborg Case Study

Microgrids are among the promising green transition technologies that will provide enormous benefits to the seaports to manage major concerns over energy crises, environmental challenges, and economic issues. However, creating a good design for the seaport microgrid is a challenging task, considering different objectives, constraints, and uncertainties involved. To ensure the optimal operation of the system, determining the right microgrid configuration and component size at minimum cost is a vital decision at the design stage. This paper aims to design a hybrid system for a seaport microgrid with optimally sized components. The selected case study is the Port of Aalborg, Denmark. The proposed grid-connected structure consists of renewable energy sources (photovoltaic system and wind turbines), an energy storage system, and cold ironing facilities. The seaport architecture is then optimized by utilizing HOMER to meet the maximum load demand by considering important parameters such as solar global horizontal irradiance, temperature, and wind resources. Finally, the best configuration is analyzed in terms of economic feasibility, energy reliability, and environmental impacts

Nitrification in pastures on the Northern Tablelands of NSW

Abstract An incubation experiment assessed the effects of pasture management and soil depth on nitrification in grazing land on the Northern Tablelands of NSW. Soils from six paired sites, each comprising a paddock of exotic pasture amended with superphosphate and an adjacent roadside reserve of unfertilized pasture, were used in the experiment. Soil samples to a depth of 20 cm were amended with 6 mL of ammonium sulphate ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ) at the rate of 100mg of NH 4 + -N / kg or 6 mL of deionized water and incubated for 24 days at 25ºC. Results from one of the sites are reported. It was found that nitrification in the paddock was significantly higher than the reserve and consistent with pasture management that provided ideal conditions for nitrifying bacteria and greater microbial activity. Nitrate concentrations decreased with increased depth for the paddock, yet nitrification, net accumulation of nitrate, did not decrease with depth