On non-vanishing and sign changes of the Fourier coefficients of Hilbert cusp forms

In this article, we study (simultaneous) non-vanishing, (simultaneous) sign changes of Fourier coefficients of (two) Hilbert cusp forms, respectively

Novel Approach for Comparative Analysis of Networking Routing Protocol

Wireless sensor network is nowadays very popular important in field of research because world is now switching faster from wired communication to the wireless communication. We studied many research papers from various researchers and every research worked on diverse protocol. As we know protocol are classified in different domain and every domain having its own advantages and limitations. In our research work our main focus is to enhance the base work in term of networking parameters. During execution of any research first of all we have to execute in virtual environment due to cost factor. Because if we directly execute in real world it is not necessary that work would be carried out successfully therefore in this scenario huge loss of money will came into existence. We executed our research work in NS2 simulation environment. WSN is collections of very small sensor nodes which accept information and transfer this valuable information to the base station via shortest routes so that energy consumption would be reduced. WSN has defined diverse routing protocols for the network. There are two main problem exist in WSN, first one is to design a routing protocol which gives optimization of energy and another security issue due to dynamic topology. There are diverse routing protocols which are classified as their working and their application to different conditions. In our research work we worked on four routing protocols and integrated these into NS 2 Software. Out of these protocols we found that ECHERP protocol performance is excellent as compared to other routing protocol in WSN

On mod p\mathfrak{p} congruences for Drinfeld modular forms of level pm\mathfrak{p}\mathfrak{m}

In~\cite{CS04}, Calegari and Stein studied the congruences between classical cusp forms $S_k(\Gamma_0(p))$ of prime level and made several conjectures about them. In~\cite{AB07} (resp., ~\cite{BP11}) the authors proved one of those conjectures (resp., their generalizations). In this article, we study the analogous conjecture and its generalizations for Drinfeld modular forms

Novel Method for Denoising Medical Image Using 2nd Level Discrete Wavelet Transform and Bilinear Filter

Medical imaging is one of the crucial subfields in the world of science and technology. There must be genuine image quality of medical images as it is used to diagnose diverse types of illness and in medical image we cannot settlement or compromise in quality because it provide us important data of patients and if quality compromised then severe effects may come into existence which definitely harmful for patients. Developing a significant denoising method plays a crucial role in image processing. In this research paper, image is first decomposed using filter into eight subbands using 3D DWT and bilateral filter technique and in this process we got approximation coefficient using DWT and once again DWT technique used on approximation coefficient image then we applied bilateral filter and the detail coefficients are subjected to Wavelet Thresholding. After that there is requirement of image reconstructed and this process is executed by inverse wavelet transform (IDWT) of the resultant coefficients and then it is filtered using bilateral filter. In our research work two types of images are considered which are MRI images and Ultrasound images. In this work IDWT process carried out two times that is why our research work known as 2 level DWT process. In this process finally two parameters are calculated PSNR and MSE

Effective Approach for Extracting Noise from Digital Image and Real Time Data using Filtering Technique

Digital image are made out of pixels and we know pixel is the smallest component of a picture. Every pixel speaks to the dark level for highly contrasting photographs at a solitary point in the image, so a pixel can be spoken to by a small speck of particular shading. In an image pixel having intensity in range of 0-255 and if pixel having intensity zero it means black and having intensity 255 it means white and in between them then considered as gray level. There are various types of images and various types of noises occurred and to remove them diverse filters are available and every filter are having own advantage and disadvantages and suitable for a particular types of noised which it can remove efficiently. In our research work our main target is to fetch out salt and pepper noise. In base paper at two levels of S&P noise filter is used to denoise the image to get various parameters. But in our research work salt and pepper noise at various levels targeted and removed efficiently with parameters PSNR, MSE and IEF. Noise is random in nature and it can be mixed with image anywhere therefore diverse noise models were studied deeply. Restoration efficiency was checked by PSNR and mean square error (MSE) into considerations

Hybrid Approach for Data Aggregation in WSN with Advance Security Protocol in NS2 Software

Energy efficiency is a crucial resource constrained WSN. Diverse techniques for example duty cycling, optimization energy scheduling and data aggregation are applied so that energy can be used minimum. In this research paper there are two main domains on which work carried out successfully. First one is data aggregation but data aggregation in our work is of two levels. Another domain was security because as we know in MANET security is not up to the mark that is why unauthorized person can access the data by deploying malicious note in our existing network. A robust analytical development of the proposed protocol is presented by using concept of two level data aggregation. Quiet satisfactory performance of the proposed algorithm is depicted. Data aggregation is attained by iteratively applying the proposed compression method at the cluster heads and on the other hand data aggregation scheme in the presence of a Multi-interface Multi-Channel Routing Protocol is tested. One important thing is that in a cluster. A node can be cluster head only single time after that new node will be cluster head. MMCR uses a metric defined by various parameters like throughput, end-to-end delay and energy utilization to select Multi-Point Relay nodes to forward data packets in each channel but keeping in mind that loss of packet or information must be reduced. Finally we can say that proposed algorithm is far better than existed protocol. Besides that RSA security algorithm for encryption and decryption also applied so that unauthorized person cannot access the information. There are various security algorithm available but selection must be appropriate as per desired application

Energy Efficiency Comparative Analysis of Different Routing Protocol In MANET for Healthcare Environment

Now a day ad hoc mobile networks have several routing protocols, but every protocol has its own advantages and limitations therefore our main aim is to meet maximum performance using advance algorithm. Some are good in a small network; some are suitable in large networks, and some give better performance in location or global networks. Today advance and innovative applications for health care environments which are based on a wireless network are being developed in the commercial sectors. In our research work ECHERP framework gives a better performance as compared to other routing protocol. Designing WSN with this architecture in mind will enable designers to balance the energy dissipation and optimize the energy consumption among all network constituents because energy is one of the most crucial factor and sustain the network lifetime for the intended application. By categorizing the overall WSN system into sub region, components of each region were extracted in terms of their dominant factors, followed by a mathematical formula as a total energy cost function in terms of their constituents. As in our base paper three protocols are used which are DSR, DSDV and AODV and out of these DSR has best parameters on comparing diverse parameters has maximum remaining energy. But in our research a new protocol ECHERP is integrated in NS2 and then we compared these four protocols and we found that ECHERP have optimized values of parameters

An Approach for Power Control in Vehicular Adhoc Network for Catastrophe Message Broadcasting Protocol

VANET is oriented to vehicu1ar communication and considered as particular app1ication of MANET. In our research work our main priority is to enhance result of existed protocol which is mentioned in our base paper and name of that protocol was GPSR. First of all our main work is to ana1yze the functioning of base protocol nitty gritty and extract its limitation and benefits that can be availed. After that new and tedious task is to design new protocol and integrate is into NS 2 software so that improved GPSR protoco1 result must be better than existed. Based on the comprehensive understanding of diverse routing mechanism and protocol we are able to find the enhanced solution of existed protocol. Based on the position vector ca1cu1ation and simp1e redundancy e1imination, GPSR protoco1 is modified. After making analysis with the base paper protocol, it proves that the improved GPVR protocol performs better. We need to carry out our simu1ation of VANET in the computer environment therefore this environment is carried out in NS 2. Computer simu1ation is very important in VANET research. Simu1ation of VANET simulation is sub divided into two regions. First one is known as traffic simulation and another one is network simulation and both these simu1ation are connected with help of bi-directional coupling

Estimation of genetic parameters as well as trends for growth traits in Harnali sheep

The current study focussed on the growth traits pertaining to Harnali sheep maintained at Sheep Farm, LUVAS, Hisar and data were recorded from pedigree sheets of 1278 animals. Growth traits considered were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), six-month weight (6MW), yearling weight (YW), and pre-weaning average daily gain (PRWDG) and least-squares means for corresponding traits found to be 3.28±0.02 kg, 12.89±0.07 kg, 17.06±0.06 kg, 24.36±0.06 kg, and 106.74±0.61 g, respectively. Effect of different factors like period of birth, sex of animal and dams’ weight at lambing was studied on growth traits. Except YW, significant effect of period of birth was observed on all the growth traits. Sex had significant influence on BW only however, dams’ weight at lambing affected significantly all the considered growth traits except YW. By leveraging the sire component of variance and covariance from mixed model analysis, the paternal half-sib correlation method was used to estimate genetic as well as phenotypic parameters. Estimates of heritability for BW, WW, 6MW, YW and PRWDG were 0.28±0.07, 0.33±0.07, 0.31±0.07, 0.12±0.04 and 0.27±0.06, respectively. Genetic as well as phenotypic trends for WW and PRWDG were found to be positive. Moderate range of genetic variability at weaning weight and its positive genetic and phenotypic correlations with growth traits specially six month’s weight indicated that genetic improvement could be possible through early selection at weaning weight in Harnali sheep