Potent Motivators for Work among Staff of a Teaching Hospital

The human resource of any organization is a unique resource; it can be developed and motivated to be of competitive advantage over other organizations. A motivated workforce therefore ensures improved output from the organization. This study set out to evaluate the level of motivation and factors associated with being well motivated among selected workers in a tertiary institution. Proportionate sampling technique was used to sample 220 staff of Jos University Teaching Hospital and data was collected from and analyzed using Epi Info. Logistic regression was used to assess predictive factors for being highly motivated. There was a statistically significant difference in motivation between respondents as regards age, sex and highest educational status attained. However, motivation was not statistically related to respondents’ duration of work in JUTH or their professional cadre. However motivation was not statistically related to the respondents’ duration of work or professional cadre. On logistic regression, age (20 – 39 years) and gender (being male) were predictive determinants for being highly motivated. Majority of the staff studied were well motivated; particularly the young and male subjects. It is recommended that management of organizations regularly evaluate the level of motivation of their staff to improve performance of the organization.Keywords: Motivators; Workforce; Learning; Teaching hospita

Knowledge and practice of sewage disposal in Abattoir community of Jos South LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria

Objective: Insanitary disposal of sewage is a problem that contributes to pollution and impacts negatively on human health. It contributes significantly to the prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases. This study was conducted to determine the knowledge and practice of sewage disposal among selected residents of Abattoir community of Jos South LGA, Plateau State.Methods: A multistage sampling technique was used to select respondents. Semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaires were used to collect data which was analyzed with Epi info 3.5.4. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for this study.Results: A total of 120 adults from selected households were interviewed. A mean age of 31± 2 years was found with a male:female ratio of 1:1.4. Adequate knowledge regarding sewage disposal was found among 94% of respondents. The flush/pour-flush toilet connected to septic tank, simple pit latrine and open defaecation were the methods found in use among them. The choice of sewage disposal type was statistically significantly related to level of education. Other reasons that influenced choice of toilet methods were hygiene, convenience, affordability and ease of maintenance. No cases of diarrhoea were reported in 90% of the households in the 6 months prior to the study.Conclusion: Despite the commendable findings in this community, the community is still at risk due to the poor practices of a few that were persisting in the community. Both government and community efforts are required to ensure that basic toilet facilities are available to all.Keywords: sewage disposal, knowledge, practice, urban communit

Sachet water: Prevalence of use, perception and quality in a community of Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau State

Background: Sachet water is a phenomenon that has gained widespread use as an alternative to the insufficient provision of potable water. It is an alternative that is readily available, affordable but not without concerns about its purity. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of use, perception of safety and assess the quality of sachet water consumed by the population.Methods: A total of 360 respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique. A semistructured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data and analysis was done using Epi info software version 3.5.4. The sachet water samples used were purposively selected and analyzed for specified physical, chemical and microbiological parameters and compared to the National and WHOGuidelines for drinking-water quality.Results: There is 93.1% use of sachet water among respondents amongst other sources such as tap water, bottled water, well and stream water. Sixty seven percent of respondents affirmed that sachet water is safe. Analysis of the five different sachet water brands showed normal physical and chemical values. Microbiological analysis showed presence of coliforms in three of the sachet water samples.Conclusion: The presence of contaminated sachet water available to the community increases the risk for waterborne diseases contributing to the already prevailing  cases present in our society at large. There is a need for regulatory bodies to do more to improve the safety of drinking water in communities which will ultimately improve their health status.Key words: sachet water, prevalence of use, perception, qualit

Analytical Solution to the Problem of Convective Heat Transfer in a Porous Rectangular Channel for Thermal Boundary Conditions of the Second Genus

In the three-dimensional statement, we consider the Brinkman equation together with the equation of heterogeneous heat transfer for an unidirectional ow of the Newtonian uid under laminar regime through horizontal porous channel having a constant rectangular cross-section with known thermal ows at the boundary and small values of the Darcy numbers. Due to the linearity of the formulated system of model equations, we obtain analytical solution of the system using the Laplace and Fourier integral transformation. The obtained solution allows to estimate the length of the input hydrodynamic section, the coecient of hydraulic resistance, and the local Nusselt numbers. The results obtained for the hydrodynamic subproblem with a large porosity and thermal subproblem with a stationary temperature eld agree with the classical data.В трехмерной постановке рассмотрено уравнение Бринкмана совместно с уравнением гетерогенного теплопереноса для однонаправленного течения ньютоновской жидкости при ламинарном режиме через горизонтальный пористый канал постоянного прямоугольного поперечного сечения с известными термическими потоками на границе и малыми значениями чисел Дарси. В силу линейности сформулированной системы уравнений модели получено ее аналитическое решение с использованием интегральных преобразований Лапласа и Фурье. Найденное решение позволило оценить длину входного гидродинамического участка, коэффициент гидравлического сопротивления и локальные числа Нуссельта. Полученные результаты для гидродинамической подзадачи при большой пористости и тепловой подзадачи при стационарном поле температур согласуются с классическим данными

Mathematical Model of Heating of Plane Porous Heat Exchanger of Heat Surface Cooling System in the Starting Mode

Based on the conjugate Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheymer hydrodynamic model and Schumann thermal model with boundary conditions of the second kind, a model with lumped parameters was proposed by means of geometric 2D averaging to identify the integral kinetics of the temperature fields of a porous matrix and a Newtonian coolant without phase transitions. The model was adapted for a heat-stressed surface by means of a porous compact heat exchanger with uniform porosity and permeability, obeying the modified Kozeny-Carman relation, in the form of a Cauchy problem, the solution of which was obtained in the final analytical representation for the average volume temperatures of the coolant and the porous matrix. The possibility of harmonic damped oscillations of the temperature fields and the absence of coolant overheating in the starting condition of the cooling system were shown. For the dimensionless time of establishing the stationary functioning of the porous heat exchanger, an approximate estimate was obtained correlating with the known data of computational and full-scale experiments.На основе сопряженных гидродинамической модели Дарси - Бринкмана - Форчхеймера и тепловой модели Шуманна с граничными условиями второго рода путем геометрического 2D-осреднения предложена модель с сосредоточенными параметрами для идентификации интегральной кинетики температурных полей пористой матрицы и ньютоновского теплоносителя без фазовых переходов. Модель адаптирована для охлаждения теплонапряженной поверхности с помощью пористого теплообменника с однородной пористостью и проницаемостью, подчиняющейся модифицированному соотношению Козени - Кармана, в виде задачи Коши, решение которой получено в конечном аналитическом представлении для среднеобъемных температур теплоносителя и пористой матрицы. Показана возможность существования гармонического затухающего колебания полей температур и отсутствие перегрева теплоносителя в пусковом режиме системы охлаждения. Для безразмерного времени установления стационарного функционирования пористого теплообменника получена приближенная оценка, коррелирующая с известными данными вычислительного и натурного эксперименто

The Quality of Drinking Well Waters in Jos Metropolis, North Central Nigeria

Background: Water quality is a term used to describe the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water, usually in respect to its suitability for a particular purpose. Water is said to be polluted if there is an excess, whatsoever, in the values (concentration levels) of the physical, chemical, biological or radioactive properties that have a negative effect on human health.Methodology: Twenty different Areas within Jos Metropolis were selected by simple random sampling for the research, Samples of water were drawn from wells in these areas in duplicate through simple random sampling selection of the wells giving a total of forty different sampled waters and the physical, chemical and biological analysis of the water was done using standard methods.Result: All the wells had turbidity greater than the acceptable value of not more than 5.0 NTU with 19(47.5%) wells having values as high as 20-29 NTU and 2(5%) wells with values of 40-49 NTU. The PH level for all the wells were within the normal range but the nitrite above the normal range in most (82.5%) of the wells except in 7(17.5%) wells that had values between 0.01-0.02mg/L. The coliform count was found to be high in all the sampled water with 33(82.5%) wells having values as high as 5-9 coliform count per 100mls of water.Conclusion: Water-related diseases continue to be one of the major health problems globally. Drinking water quality must be within tolerable use-limits for human consumption. In the study conducted, it was obvious that all the wells did not meet the standard requirement for quality drinking water since all the wells had coliform count above the recommended value for Standard Organization of Nigeria(SON), National agency for food drug administration and control(NAFDAC) and World Health Organization(WHO).&#160