Cold water upwelling and entrainment near the Anadyr Strait: Implications to the North Pacific-Arctic interaction

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions: [OM] Polar Meteorology and Glaciology, Wed. 4 Dec. / Entrance Hall (1st floor) , National Institute of Polar Researc

Differential gene expression in the murine gastric fundus lacking interstitial cells of Cajal.

BACKGROUND: The muscle layers of murine gastric fundus have no interstitial cells of Cajal at the level of the myenteric plexus and only possess intramuscular interstitial cells and this tissue does not generate electric slow waves. The absence of intramuscular interstitial cells in W/WV mutants provides a unique opportunity to study the molecular changes that are associated with the loss of these intercalating cells. METHOD: The gene expression profile of the gastric fundus of wild type and W/WV mice was assayed by murine microarray analysis displaying a total of 8734 elements. Queried genes from the microarray analysis were confirmed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Twenty-one genes were differentially expressed in wild type and W/WV mice. Eleven transcripts had 2.0-2.5 fold higher mRNA expression in W/WV gastric fundus when compared to wild type tissues. Ten transcripts had 2.1-3.9 fold lower expression in W/WV mutants in comparison with wild type animals. None of these genes have ever been implicated in any bowel motility function. CONCLUSIONS: These data provides evidence that several important genes have significantly changed in the murine fundus of W/WV mutants that lack intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal and have reduced enteric motor neurotransmission

Differential gene expression profile in the small intestines of mice lacking pacemaker interstitial cells of Cajal.

BACKGROUND: We previously identified eight known and novel genes differentially expressed in the small intestines of wild type and W/WV mice, which have greatly reduced populations of the interstitial cells of Cajal, that are responsible for the generation of electrical slow waves, by using a differential gene display method. METHODS: By using the same method we isolated additional candidate genes that were specifically down- or up-regulated in W/WV mice. Novel transcripts were designated as DDWMEST. RESULTS: We isolated seven candidates that were specifically down- or up-regulated in W/WV mice. Two novel transcripts, DDWMEST 1 and -91 were increased in both fed and fasted W/WV mice. Expression of another five genes was suppressed in W/WV mice: ARG2 (Arginase II), ONZIN (encoding leukemia inhibitory factor regulated protein), and three novel transcripts: DDWMEST62, -84, and -100. Together with the previous report, we identified fifteen differentially expressed genes in total in the small intestines of W/WV mice. Eight of these genes were reduced in the jejunums of W/WV mice compared to age matched wild type mice, whereas the other seven genes showed an increase in expression. Differential expression was the same in fasted and fed animals, suggesting that the differences were independent of the dietetic state of the animal. CONCLUSIONS: Several known and novel genes are differentially expressed in the small intestines of W/WV mice. Differential gene comparison might contribute to our understanding of motility disorders associated with the loss of the interstitial cells of Cajal.RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are

Evaluation of the Validity of Methods for Pattern Analysis of Muscle Activity and for Data Reduction

本研究では、同一の被験食品を異なる二体位(座位と仰臥位)で嚥下したときの舌筋筋活動を記録し、その活動パターンのTp法(筆者らが最近開発した解析手法)による解析の妥当性を調べた。また、本解析対象のような生体データのコンピュータによる記録に際し、高頻度のディジタル・サンプリングに伴うデータ・サイズの巨大化がしばしば問題となるところから、リダクション・データに基づく解析の妥当性についても調べた。Tp法による解析の結果、原データを用いた場合に、座位と仰臥位における舌筋活動パターンの差違を識別できた。また、データ・サイズが原データの2^<-6>となる強いリサンプリングを施したリダクション・データを用いても、Tp法のパターン識別能は損なわれなかった。すなわち、本Tp法による筋活動パターンの解析および解析対象のデータ・リダクションの妥当性が示唆された。The present study evaluated the validity of methods for pattern analysis of muscle activity and for data reduction. An electromyogram (EMG) of the tongue muscle was recorded before, during, and after swallowing by surface electrodes either in the upright or in the supine position. The recorded analogue EMG signals were sampled (at 1.0kHz) to convert to digital EMG signals, and the digital EMG signals only during swallowing were extracted mainly based on laryngeal movement. The number of data nodes consisting of the digital EMG signals was reduced to 2^<-i> (i=1, 2, ..., 8) by a re-sampling method. Patterns of the digital EMG signals were analyzed and quantified using a Tp technique developed recently in which assigns percentiles of cumulative EMG signals to a standardized time scale. Two major findings were obtained in the present study. The first finding was that application of the Tp technique detected significant differences in Tp between the upright and supine positions, when the non-reduced (i.e., original) EMG signals were used to calculate. The second finding was that Tp calculated by the original EMG signals were consistent with those by the 2^<-6> reduced EMG signals in the both positions. The present findings suggest the validity of our analytical methods for pattern analysis of muscle activity and for data reduction

Differential gene expression profile in the small intestines of mice lacking pacemaker interstitial cells of Cajal

BACKGROUND: We previously identified eight known and novel genes differentially expressed in the small intestines of wild type and W/W(V )mice, which have greatly reduced populations of the interstitial cells of Cajal, that are responsible for the generation of electrical slow waves, by using a differential gene display method. METHODS: By using the same method we isolated additional candidate genes that were specifically down- or up-regulated in W/W(V )mice. Novel transcripts were designated as DDWMEST. RESULTS: We isolated seven candidates that were specifically down- or up-regulated in W/W(V )mice. Two novel transcripts, DDWMEST 1 and -91 were increased in both fed and fasted W/W(V )mice. Expression of another five genes was suppressed in W/W(V )mice: ARG2 (Arginase II), ONZIN (encoding leukemia inhibitory factor regulated protein), and three novel transcripts: DDWMEST62, -84, and -100. Together with the previous report, we identified fifteen differentially expressed genes in total in the small intestines of W/W(V )mice. Eight of these genes were reduced in the jejunums of W/W(V )mice compared to age matched wild type mice, whereas the other seven genes showed an increase in expression. Differential expression was the same in fasted and fed animals, suggesting that the differences were independent of the dietetic state of the animal. CONCLUSIONS: Several known and novel genes are differentially expressed in the small intestines of W/W(V )mice. Differential gene comparison might contribute to our understanding of motility disorders associated with the loss of the interstitial cells of Cajal