Generation and Detection of THz Radiation Using Intrinsic Josephson Junctions

AbstractWe present the generation and detection of terahertz radiation using intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs) in Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy single crystals. This approach allows us to detect THz radiation from large stacks consisting of a few hundred intrinsic Josephson junctions. The lateral dimensions of the fabricated IJJ oscillator mesa range from 290×50 to 290×90μm2 and the number of IJJs which constitute the mesas is between 100 and 450, while the small mesa with the lateral dimensions of 5 × 5μm2 is used as the high sensitive THz detector. The largest emission is always observed when the oscillator is biased at the negative resistance region of the current-voltage characteristics. We find that the emission frequency cor–responds to the second harmonics of the in-phase cavity resonance mode. This is consistent with the emission condition of the case of thick IJJ stacks reported previously

Temperature-induced changes in the wheat phosphoproteome reveal temperature-regulated interconversion of phosphoforms

Wheat (Triticum ssp.) is one of the most important human food sources. However, this crop is very sensitive to temperature changes. Specifically, processes during wheat leaf, flower, and seed development and photosynthesis, which all contribute to the yield of this crop, are affected by high temperature. While this has to some extent been investigated on physiological, developmental, and molecular levels, very little is known about early signalling events associated with an increase in temperature. Phosphorylation-mediated signalling mechanisms, which are quick and dynamic, are associated with plant growth and development, also under abiotic stress conditions. Therefore, we probed the impact of a short-term and mild increase in temperature on the wheat leaf and spikelet phosphoproteome. In total, 3822 (containing 5178 phosphosites) and 5581 phosphopeptides (containing 7023 phosphosites) were identified in leaf and spikelet samples, respectively. Following statistical analysis, the resulting data set provides the scientific community with a first large-scale plant phosphoproteome under the control of higher ambient temperature. This community resource on the high temperature-mediated wheat phosphoproteome will be valuable for future studies. Our analyses also revealed a core set of common proteins between leaf and spikelet, suggesting some level of conserved regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, we observed temperature-regulated interconversion of phosphoforms, which probably impacts protein activity