7 research outputs found

    Monitoring the early stages of Cedar natural regeneration in some stations of Chréa Forest (Blidean Atlas, Algeria)

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    L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est d’analyser le comportement in situ de semis naturels de CĂšdre dans les premiĂšres phases de la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration, connues comme Ă©tant les plus vulnĂ©rables et tenter de dĂ©finir la niche de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration du CĂšdre dans un contexte actuel contraignant. L’étude est menĂ©e au niveau de deux stations reprĂ©sentatives de l’hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© structurale de la cĂ©draie de ChrĂ©a (Atlas blidĂ©en). Une analyse statistique comparative de diffĂ©rents niveaux d’observation a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence l’impact important du climat, l’effet de versant et de l’altitude, sur la germination, la croissance et le potentiel de survie des semis, mais Ă©galement celui, aggravant, de l’action anthropozoogĂšne, par comparaison Ă  une situation tĂ©moin. Sont Ă©galement soulignĂ©s au niveau local, le rĂŽle dĂ©terminant de la structure du peuplement qui influerait par son degrĂ© d’ouverture, l’effet facilitateur du sous-Ă©tage arbustif ou compĂ©titif de la strate herbacĂ©e, ainsi que la rĂ©ceptivitĂ© de la surface du sol.The Cedar (Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) CarriĂšre), endemic species in North Africa, is currently experiencing a regression of its range due first to the decline and second to the lack of regeneration over much of its range. These problems of regeneration seem exacerbated over recent decades, in relation to climate changes that knows the Mediterranean region and to intensification of human action. In Algeria, this issue is more pronounced at low altitude and hot exposures characterized by deficient water. The aim of this study is (i) to analyse in situ behaviour (survival, growth) of cedar seedlings in the early stages of regeneration which are known as the most vulnerable ones and (ii) to attempt to define the niche of cedar regeneration in this restrictive context. The study was conducted at two stations in the cedar forest of ChrĂ©a (Blidean Atlas), representing various situations of cedar development. Within these stations, five plots (400 mÂČ) and fourteen elementary quadrats (1 mÂČ), representative of the structural heterogeneity of the cedar forest and diversity of potential host microsites for cedar seeds, have been followed during two years (2013 and 2014). A measure of the respective lengths of underground and aboveground parts was performed on 256 seedlings. A comparative statistical analysis of these different levels of observation was made to highlight the important role of climate on the germination and seedling survival potential relative to the daily, seasonal and interannual variation of climatic parameters (P, Tmin, Tmax) as well as the side effect and the altitude. This comparison showed also the aggravating or moreover deciding role of anthropozoĂŻc action including trampling of seedlings and soil compaction by livestock, silvicultural measures (pruning, cutting, etc.), as well as ploughing boars digging up seedlings, compared to control conditions (exclosure). In fact, average survival rates in this case are considerably higher (54-76 %) compared to situations excluding deferred grazing (9-21 %). Regeneration requires a combination of many factors like adequate availability of seeds, receptive soil, climatic conditions favouring of the emergence of seedlings and not penalizing their survival, but these conditions need a decreased anthropozoĂŻc pressure

    DiversitĂ© biologique et phytogĂ©ographique des chĂȘnaies vertes d'AlgĂ©rie

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    After abrief overview on the floristic richness of the algerians holm oak groves, the author consider respectively the analysis of the biological and phytogeographical diversity. This study is led of manner to stress by the crude and real specter utilization, modifications of the flora along a dynamic gradient : forest-preforest-scrub-grassland. The former translate into a progressive thĂ©rophytisation in relationship the pĂ©joration of the general climate but equally with the luminous climate induced by the degree of training opening vegetable. To the phytogĂ©ographie plan, despite the maintenance of a certain rate of endĂ©misme, the tendency is to the standardization and to the trivialization of the flora linked to the extension of pluriregionals elements.AprĂšs un bref aperçu sur la richesse floristique des chĂȘnaies vertes d'AlgĂ©rie, l’auteur envisage respectivement l’analyse de la diversitĂ© biologique et phytogĂ©ographique. Cette Ă©tude est menĂ©e de façon Ă  mettre en Ă©vidence, par l’utilisation de spectres bruts et rĂ©els, les modifications de la flore le long d’un gradient dynamique : forĂȘt-prĂ©-forĂȘt-matorral-pelouse. Celles-ci se traduisent par une thĂ©rophytisation progressive en relation avec la pĂ©joration du climat gĂ©nĂ©ral mais Ă©galement avec le climat lumineux induit parle degrĂ© d'ouverture des formations vĂ©gĂ©tales. Sur le plan phytogĂ©ographique, malgrĂ© le maintien d'un certain taux dendĂ©misme, la tendance est Ă  l'uniformisation et Ă  la banalisation de la flore liĂ©es Ă  l'extension des Ă©lĂ©ments plurirĂ©gionaux.Dahmani-Megrerouche Malika. DiversitĂ© biologique et phytogĂ©ographique des chĂȘnaies vertes d'AlgĂ©rie. In: Ecologia mediterranea, tome 22 n°3-4, 1996. pp. 19-38

    État des connaissances sur les systĂšmes forestiers d’AlgĂ©rie

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    The forest systems of Algeria are characterized by the diversity of their landscapes, ecosystems and species, contributing to the preservation of a functional balance and ecosystem services. However, this balance remains precarious in the context of global changes. Their environmental management should be based on their evaluation and on the understanding of the mechanisms which determine their sustainability. An evaluation of the state of the knowledge shows that, at present, the forest systems are relatively well known in terms of inventory and syntaxonomic analyses. This led to a proposal of typological reference tables for Algeria, which sometimes remain to be registered in a wider framework. Their dynamics and their responses to the disturbances, studied via synchronic and diachronic approaches at various spatiotemporal scales, are also well known ; the functional approaches still remain little developed. This knowledge has allowed a global evaluation of biodiversity and the definition, for the North of Algeria, of zones important for plants, thus considered as priority for conservation. The knowledge gaps on the ecological requirements and on the taxonomic precisions, in particular for key, endemic, rare and/ or threatened species, limit the efficiency of conservation actions. Studies on the taxonomy, ecology and biology of certain priority plant species must be undertaken. Their valorization is envisaged through evaluating their phytochemical, therapeutic and/ or patrimonial quality.Les systĂšmes forestiers d’AlgĂ©rie sont caractĂ©risĂ©s par leur grande diversitĂ© tant paysagĂšre, Ă©cosystĂ©mique que spĂ©cifique et ils contribuent au maintien d’un certain Ă©quilibre fonctionnel et des services Ă©cosystĂ©miques. Cet Ă©quilibre reste toutefois prĂ©caire dans le contexte actuel de changements globaux. Leur prise en charge par des actions de gestion conservatoire doit s’appuyer sur leur Ă©valuation et la comprĂ©hension des mĂ©canismes qui rĂ©giraient leur pĂ©rennisation. Une Ă©valuation de l’état des connaissances acquises Ă  ce jour montre que les systĂšmes forestiers sont assez bien connus en termes d’inventaire et d’analyses syntaxonomiques. Celles-ci ont abouti Ă  la proposition pour l’AlgĂ©rie de rĂ©fĂ©rentiels typologiques, qui restent parfois Ă  inscrire dans un cadre plus gĂ©nĂ©ral. Les connaissances sur leur signification dynamique et leurs rĂ©ponses aux perturbations, Ă©tudiĂ©es grĂące Ă  des approches synchroniques et diachroniques se situant Ă  diffĂ©rentes Ă©chelles spatio-temporelles, sont Ă©galement bien avancĂ©es ; mais les approches fonctionnelles restent encore peu dĂ©veloppĂ©es. Ces acquis ont permis de s’inscrire dans un cadre global d’évaluation de la biodiversitĂ© et de dĂ©finir, pour l’AlgĂ©rie du Nord, des zones importantes pour les plantes, considĂ©rĂ©es comme prioritaires pour la conservation. Les lacunes sur le plan de la connaissance des exigences Ă©cologiques et des prĂ©cisions taxonomiques, notamment de taxons clĂ©s, endĂ©miques, rares et/ ou menacĂ©s limitent l’efficacitĂ© des actions de conservation. Des Ă©tudes de taxonomie, d’écologie et de biologie doivent ĂȘtre ainsi entreprises sur certains taxons vĂ©gĂ©taux prioritaires. Leur valorisation est envisagĂ©e Ă  travers l’évaluation de leur qualitĂ© phytochimique, thĂ©rapeutique et/ ou patrimoniale.Dahmani-Megrerouche Malika. État des connaissances sur les systĂšmes forestiers d’AlgĂ©rie. In: Ecologia mediterranea, tome 44 n°2, 2018. Hommage scientifique au professeur Pierre QuĂ©zel (1926-2015) pp. 111-117

    Groupements Ă  chĂȘne vert et Ă©tages de vĂ©gĂ©tation en AlgĂ©rie

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    The current evolution of the vegetation level notion allows to suggest an acceptable typology of altitudinal zoning of mediterranean mountains vegetation. Being admitted that each chorologic region have a particular distribution, the author determine thermic limits of vegetation levels in algerian holm oak. These limits vary in function of the three great geographical sectors of Algeria : Westerner, Central and Oriental. In this geographical context, a bioclimatic and dynamic classification of the holm aok grouping is tried in thermo, meso and supramediterranean levels.L’évolution actuelle de la notion d’étage de vĂ©gĂ©tation permet de proposer une typologie acceptable de la zonation altitudinale de la vĂ©gĂ©tation des montagnes mĂ©diterranĂ©ennes. Etant admis que chaque rĂ©gion chorologique possĂšde une zonation particuliĂšre, l’auteur Ă©tablit des seuils thermiques pour dĂ©finir des Ă©tages de vĂ©gĂ©tation dans l'aire du chĂȘne vert en AlgĂ©rie. Ces seuils varient en fonction des trois grands secteurs gĂ©ographiques de l’AlgĂ©rie : occidental, central et oriental. Dans ce contexte gĂ©ographique, un classement bioclimatique et dynamique des syntaxons organisĂ©s par le chĂȘne vert, au niveau des Ă©tages thermo, mĂ©so et supramĂ©diterranĂ©ens, est tentĂ©.Dahmani-Megrerouche Malika. Groupements Ă  chĂȘne vert et Ă©tages de vĂ©gĂ©tation en AlgĂ©rie. In: Ecologia mediterranea, tome 22 n°3-4, 1996. pp. 39-52

    Suivi de la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration naturelle du CĂšdre de l’Atlas dans les premiers stades de dĂ©veloppement dans quelques stations du massif forestier de ChrĂ©a (Atlas blidĂ©en, AlgĂ©rie)

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    Monitoring the early stages of Cedar natural regeneration in some stations of ChrĂ©a Forest (Blidean Atlas, Algeria). The Cedar (Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) CarriĂšre), endemic species in North Africa, is currently experiencing a regression of its range due first to the decline and second to the lack of regeneration over much of its range. These problems of regeneration seem exacerbated over recent decades, in relation to climate changes that knows the Mediterranean region and to intensification of human action. In Algeria, this issue is more pronounced at low altitude and hot exposures characterized by deficient water. The aim of this study is (i) to analyse in situ behaviour (survival, growth) of cedar seedlings in the early stages of regeneration which are known as the most vulnerable ones and (ii) to attempt to define the niche of cedar regeneration in this restrictive context. The study was conducted at two stations in the cedar forest of ChrĂ©a (Blidean Atlas), representing various situations of cedar development. Within these stations, five plots (400 mÂČ) and fourteen elementary quadrats (1 mÂČ), representative of the structural heterogeneity of the cedar forest and diversity of potential host microsites for cedar seeds, have been followed during two years (2013 and 2014). A measure of the respective lengths of underground and aboveground parts was performed on 256 seedlings. A comparative statistical analysis of these different levels of observation was made to highlight the important role of climate on the germination and seedling survival potential relative to the daily, seasonal and interannual variation of climatic parameters (P, Tmin, Tmax) as well as the side effect and the altitude. This comparison showed also the aggravating or moreover deciding role of anthropozoic action including trampling of seedlings and soil compaction by livestock, silvicultural measures (pruning, cutting, etc.), as well as ploughing boars digging up seedlings, compared to control conditions (exclosure). In fact, average survival rates in this case are considerably higher (54-76 %) compared to situations excluding deferred grazing (9-21 %). Regeneration requires a combination of many factors like adequate availability of seeds, receptive soil, climatic conditions favouring of the emergence of seedlings and not penalizing their survival, but these conditions need a decreased anthropozoic pressure.L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est d’analyser le comportement in situ de semis naturels de CĂšdre dans les premiĂšres phases de la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration, connues comme Ă©tant les plus vulnĂ©rables et tenter de dĂ©finir la niche de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration du CĂšdre dans un contexte actuel contraignant. L’étude est menĂ©e au niveau de deux stations reprĂ©sentatives de l’hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© structurale de la cĂ©draie de ChrĂ©a (Atlas blidĂ©en). Une analyse statistique comparative de diffĂ©rents niveaux d’observation a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence l’impact important du climat, l’effet de versant et de l’altitude, sur la germination, la croissance et le potentiel de survie des semis, mais Ă©galement celui, aggravant, de l’action anthropozoogĂšne, par comparaison Ă  une situation tĂ©moin. Sont Ă©galement soulignĂ©s au niveau local, le rĂŽle dĂ©terminant de la structure du peuplement qui influerait par son degrĂ© d’ouverture, l’effet facilitateur du sous-Ă©tage arbustif ou compĂ©titif de la strate herbacĂ©e, ainsi que la rĂ©ceptivitĂ© de la surface du sol.Addar Abdelkader, Khedache Zina, Righi Houssam, Dahmani-Megrerouche Malika. Suivi de la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration naturelle du CĂšdre de l’Atlas dans les premiers stades de dĂ©veloppement dans quelques stations du massif forestier de ChrĂ©a (Atlas blidĂ©en, AlgĂ©rie). In: Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie), tome 71, n°4, 2016. pp. 367-384
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