Cohort Effects on Earnings Profiles: Evidence from Sweden

The cohort crowding literature suggests that the size of one’s generation, or cohort, has repercussions on the level and shape of one’s earnings profile. We estimate cohort size effects on earnings profiles and further assess whether these profiles are affected by the individuals. position in the Baby Boom. Using a rich individual based panel data set, we follow the Swedish Baby Boomers of the 1940's and the following Baby Bust of the 1950's from 1968 to 1999. Our results indicate that there are significant cohort effects on the earnings profile which are fairly consistent across gender but not across education levels. Large cohorts have a higher overall earnings level than small cohorts. Cohorts born in an upswing of a boom have a higher earnings level than cohorts born in a downswing. The effects on return to experience vary across education and experience levels.Earnings profiles; Baby Boom; Cohort size; Panel data

Food Shots Are Not So Candid

Hooray, cried Jimmie as he came home from school feeling ravenously hungry. Mom\u27s been photographing ice creams and meringues today. But poor Jimmie was doomed to a sad disillusionment. His clever mother and the food photographers had been using a certain kind of Dutch cheese to give the exact photographic effect of brick ice creams. Jimmie did like cheese, but it wasn\u27t a bit like ice cream and anyway such a big hunk of cheese was a bit too much at one time

Food for Thought

Keeping posted on the news in the field of foods and nutrition is about as difficult a task as keeping posted on the European situation. Here are a few questions that still pop up and start arguments. Try your luck. If in doubt as to the answer you will find it at the end of this article

Bold Facts, But True

Diligently we study diets, plan menus and count calories, but how much do we know about the harmfulness of coffee, tea, smoking and alcohol? Doctors say that fundamentally these substances are all poisons. They depend upon a drug-like action for their effects and the use of all is more or less habit forming

ABCs of Health

Keeping up with the vitamins these days is a big assignment. Vitamins have a great attraction for nutritionists, chemists, and the modern Home Economics student. Recently commercial foods people have realized that they may increase the value of their products by using preparation methods which preserve vitamin content

The Iowa Homemaker vol.18, no.8

Follow the Leaders by Marian Weinel, page 1 Calling on a Kitchen by Lydia Cooley, page 2 We’re Throwing Bouquets by Alvina Iverson, page 3 Home Economics on the Air by Jane Stallings, page 4 Food for Thought by Ruth Dahlberg, page 5 Style for Everybody by Katherine Dodds, page 6 Making Friends Under Ten by Virginia Schweiker, page 7 What’s New in Home Economics edited by Marjorie Pettinger, page 8 Up-to-Date Dates by Betty Davis, page 10 School Marm for Six Weeks by Ruth Howie, page 11 Give Your Wardrobe Nine Lives by Ethel Overholt, page 12 Spreads Via Ingenuity by Marian Gutz, page 13 Behind Bright Jackets edited by Winnifred Cannon, page 14 Textile Wise? By Betty Feyder, page 14 Alums in the News by Grace Strohmeier, page 15 Tables Don Fine Feathers by Margaret Thomas, page 16 Keeping Posted by the editor, page 1

The Iowa Homemaker vol.17, no.7

Beauty from Beauty by Peggy Schenk, page 1 Through Masculine Eyes by Jim Henderson and E. L. Anderson, page 2 Use Angles and Lights for Snappy Shots by Jane Helser, page 4 Faces in Focus by Gaynold Carroll and Harriett Graves, page 5 New Style Loves by Sally, page 6 Beds for Beauty by Ruth Dahlberg, page 7 Gems in Pottery by Katherine Taube, page 8 Room for Improvement by Leah Scott, page 9 What’s New in Home Economics edited by Marjorie Pettinger, page 10 In the Still of the Night by Helen Greene, page 12 Short but Sweet by Harriet Beyer, page 13 Dessert Course, a poem by Ronny Ronningen, page 14 Controlled Curves by Gertrude E. Hendriks, page 14 First Ladies by Ruth Sawin, page 15 Complaints of Shopworn Clerks by Ruth Dahlberg, page 16 Behind Bright Jackets, page 18 Alumnae News by Faithe Danielson, page 19 Lamp Light by Mary Bush, page 20 To Whom It May Concern, a poem by Ronny Ronningen, page 20 Heart to Heart by the editor, page 2

The Iowa Homemaker vol.17, no.6

Genuinely “Big” Business by Grace McIlrath Ellis, page 1 Every Gram of Jam by Ruth Kunerth, page 2 Confessions of Shoe Salesman and Florist by Paul Montgomery and Paul Buehler, page 3 What Would You Do If by Harriet Beyer, page 4 Food Shots Are Not So Candid by Ruth Dahlberg, page 5 Yumph Invades the Formal Field by Lois Swenson, page 6 Just Skin Deep by Donna Button, page 7 On Your Own Toes by Jane Helser, page 8 Resolve to Charm by Frances Dickerson, page 9 What’s New in Home Economics edited by Marjorie Pettinger, page 10 No Peacock Tongues by Daisy Mary Kimberley, page 12 She Knows Her Turkeys by Mary Ellen Lynch, page 13 On the Airwaves by Grace Strohmeier, page 13 Science in the Kitchen, page 14 Radiation Ratings by Kay Dodds, page 15 The Gavel Strikes by Donna Button, page 16 What Goal Posts? By Jean Metcalf and Rachel Roewe, page 17 Alums Make News by Faithe Danielson, page 18 Up With the Dawn by the editor, page 2

The Iowa Homemaker vol.18, no.2

Special Invitation for One by Jane Helser, page 2 Whether Dress or Mate – Investigate by Dorothy Goeppinger, page 3 A Petition to Play by Ruth Sawin, page 4 Hold Your Horses by Berniece Williams, page 5 Fashion Maypole by Barbara Field, page 6 “Veishea-timing” by Beth Cummings, page 8 Learn All to Do All by Alvina Iverson, page 9 Fifty Grads Go to Work by Faithe Danielson, page 10 Throwing Bouquets by Winnifred Cannon, page 11 What’s New in Home Economics edited by Marjorie Pettinger, page 12 Behind Bright Jackets edited by Winnifred Cannon, page 14 Pie for All by Evelyn Burchard, page 15 “You Can’t Print That!” by Beth Johnson, page 16 Homemaking in the Hills by Carolyn Roller, page 17 Dear Someone, by Helen Greene, page 18 Picnic Precautions by Ida Halpin, page 20 Browned With Precision by Anne Halder Allen, page 21 From Carving to Kitchens by Ruth Dahlberg, page 22 Busy Summering by Betty Burbank and Henrietta Dunlop, page 23 Bowls With a Past by Jean Metcalf, page 2

Living with persistent pain: experiences of older people receiving home care.

Background. Although the topic of pain among older people has received increasing interest, little is still known about how pain is experienced or handled by those who no longer manage independently but depend on professionals for help with daily living. Developing pain management for older people requires such knowledge. Aim. To explore sense of self, sense of pain, daily living with pain, sense of others and ways of handling pain in older people with persistent pain. Methods. Interviews with 90 older people receiving home care from nursing auxiliaries in their own homes or in sheltered accommodation were collected from January to June 2000. A typology of older people in persistent pain was developed. Activities for handling pain were examined using content analysis. Findings. Respondents' experiences of themselves and their pain varied. Two groups of older people, considered as 'competent and proud' and 'confident and serene', expressed satisfaction in spite of pain, while the groups 'misunderstood and disappointed' and 'resigned and sad' expressed dissatisfaction. The most common strategies used were medication, rest, mobility, distracting activities and talking about pain. Respondents chose strategies by balancing the advantages of the activities against the disadvantages these brought for their daily living. Conclusion. This study indicates that characteristics of the older people, such as their way of experiencing themselves, how pain affects their daily life and how they perceive effects and side-effects of pain management are areas that need to be identified when staff assess pain and plan pain management. Caring for older people in pain could be improved by listening to and believing their complaints, evaluating effects and side-effects from medications and nonpharmacological pain management and by emphasising the importance of common everyday activities such as mobility and distraction to relieve pain