Resonance of Domain Wall in a Ferromagnetic Nanostrip: Relation Between Distortion and Velocity

The resonance of the magnetic domain wall under the applied field amplifies its velocity compared to the one-dimensional model. To quantify the amplification, we define the distortion variation rate of the domain wall that can represent how fast and severely the wall shape is variated. Introducing that rate gives a way to bring the resonance into the one-dimensional domain wall dynamics model. We obtain the dissipated energy and domain wall velocity amplification by calculating the distortion variation rate. The relationship between velocity and distortion variation rate agrees well with micromagnetic simulation.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure

Neuroprotective Effects of Astaxanthin in Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation in SH-SY5Y Cells and Global Cerebral Ischemia in Rat

Astaxanthin (ATX), a naturally occurring carotenoid pigment, is a powerful biological antioxidant. In the present study, we investigated whether ATX pharmacologically offers neuroprotection against oxidative stress by cerebral ischemia. We found that the neuroprotective efficacy of ATX at the dose of 30 mg/kg (n = 8) was 59.5% compared with the control group (n = 3). In order to make clear the mechanism of ATX neuroprotection, the up-regulation inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) together with the oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in SH-SY5Y cells were also investigated. The induction of various factors involved in oxidative stress processes such as iNOS was suppressed by the treatment of ATX at 25 and 50 µM after OGD-induced oxidative stress. In addition, Western blots showed that ATX elevated of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1; Hsp32) and Hsp70 protein levels in in vitro. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of ATX were related to anti-oxidant activities in global ischemia

The Timing of Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Surgery: Comparison of Outcome in Early Versus Intermediate Surgery

The authors analyzed 47 cases of ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms during the past three years that were clipped within 14 days after initial hemorrhage, to study the influence of the timing of surgery on the development of vasospasm-related complications. Twelve patients were operated within three days after the onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (early group), and 35 patients were operated 4-14 days after SAH (intermediate group). For the statistical analysis the chi-square test with Yates' correction and Fisher's exact test were used. There were no statistically significant differences between the early and the intermediate groups in (1) the Hunt-Hess grade on admission and preoperatively, (2) the final outcome, (3) the presence of associated diseases, or (4) the occurrence of angiographic vasospasm. There was no difference in the preoperative medical management. The occurrence of symptomatic vasospasm or infarct was not different in the early and intermediate groups (p)0.10), nor was the occurrence of infarct in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) or non-ACA territory (p)0.10). Laterality of infarct was not related to laterality of surgical approach in either the early or intermediate groups, nor in the whole group (p) 0.10). Hydrocephalus, rebleeding, and other complications were also not different in the early and intermediate groups. The authors did not find any evidence that in patients with ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms, the timing of surgery affects the development of vasospasm-related complications

CerebraI Aneurysm Associated with AduIt PIoycystic Kidney Disease -Report of 2 Cases-

Two Cases of ruptured cerebral aneurysms associated with polycystic kidney diseases (PKD) are presented. Case 1 is a 60-year-old woman diagnosed as PKD after rupture of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Eleven days after successful aneurysmal clipping, she died of sudden massive intra-abdominal bleeding from kidney rupture. Case 2 is a 60-year-old man diagnosed as aneurysmal rupture 15 years after diagnosis of PKD. After anterior and posterior communicating artery aneurysms were clipped he recovered well. Since cerebral aneurysms is far more prevalent in patients with PKD than in the general population and aneurysm rupture is a leading cause of death, screening of the aneurysm by digital subtraction angiography or magnetic resonance angiography and prophylactic surgery of the aneurysm should be done

Recurrence of Completely Excised Arteriovenous Malformation: Review of the Literatures and Possible Explanation

The authors report a case of recurrent arteriovenous malformation (AVM), which has been completely removed and disappeared on postoperative angiography four years ago. Initially, at the age of nine years, she presented intracerebral hematoma. The angiography demonstrated an aneurysm and AVM nidus located in the posterior frontal area, fed by the branches of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. Eleven days after the ictus, rebleeding occurred, so left fronto-parietal craniotomy was done emergently. The hematoma and AVM nidus with aneurysm were removed. Her postoperative course was uneventful and postoperative angiography showed that the AVM had been completely excised. However, four years later, sudden focal motor seizure on right leg developed. Magnetic resonance (MR) images and angiography demonstrated that the AVM reappeared on the previously operated region. Extirpation of the recurrent AVM was carried out. We do emphasize a long term follow-up MR images or a repeated angiography is essential to confirm the complete absence after excision of the AVM

Myositis unrelated to the inoculation site after COVID-19 vaccination: a case report

We describe the case of a 49-year-old right hand-dominant woman with myositis of the biceps brachii muscle unrelated to the inoculation site following Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination on the deltoid muscle of the left shoulder. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has involved global spread, and different vaccines including inactivated, protein, vectored, and nucleic acid vaccines have been developed and administered. Common side effects of COVID-19 vaccines include general manifestations such as headache, fever, and fatigue, and various musculoskeletal symptoms. Here, we present a case of myositis occurring in the biceps brachii muscle unrelated to the inoculation site, which has not been reported previously, accompanied by a literature review. Level of evidence V

Petrosal Approach for Aneurysms on the Vertebrobasilar Artery Junction and Mid-Basilar Artery: Technical Note

The aneurysms located on vertebra-basilar artery junction and mid-basilar artery are not common. These aneurysms may be surgically clipped through a variety of approaches. The suboccipital approach has potential morbidities due to retraction of cerebellum and brain stem. The supratentorial approach may have retraction damage to the temporal lobe and the vein of Labbe. Resection of petrous bone in combined approach of supratentorial and infratentorial route has some advantages. There is minimal retraction of cerebellum, brain stem and temporal lobe, preservation of the vein of Labbe and shortening of the operative distance. Thus the petrosal approach may be helpful for the surgery of aneurysms arising around vertebro-basilar artery junction and mid-basilar artery. We have clipped an aneurysm on the vertebro-basilar artery junction and mid-basilar artery with petrosal approach and discuss its usefulness for the approach to aneurysms on vertebro-basilar artery junction and mid-basilar artery

Real-Time Temporal Dynamics of Bicistronic Expression Mediated by Internal Ribosome Entry Site and 2A Cleaving Sequence

Multicistronic elements, such as the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and 2A-like cleavage sequence, serve crucial roles in the eukaryotic ectopic expression of exogenous genes. For utilization of multicistronic elements, the cleavage efficiency and order of elements in multicistronic vectors have been investigated; however, the dynamics of multicistronic element-mediated expression remains unclear. Here, we investigated the dynamics of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) IRES- and porcine teschovirus-1 2A (p2A)-mediated expression. By utilizing real-time fluorescent imaging at a minute-level resolution, we monitored the expression of fluorescent reporters bridged by either EMCV IRES or p2A in two independent cultured cell lines, HEK293 and Neuro2a. We observed significant correlations for the two fluorescent reporters in both multicistronic elements, with a higher correlation coefficient for p2A in HEK293 but similar coefficients for IRES-mediated expression and p2A-mediated expression in Neuro2a. We further analyzed the causal relationship of multicistronic elements by convergent cross mapping (CCM). CCM revealed that in all four conditions examined, the expression of the preceding gene causally affected the dynamics of the subsequent gene. As with the cross correlation, the predictive skill of p2A was higher than that of IRES in HEK293, while the predictive skills of the two multicistronic elements were indistinguishable in Neuro2a. To summarize, we report a significant temporal correlation in both EMCV IRES- and p2A-mediated expression based on the simple bicistronic vector and real-time fluorescent monitoring. The current system also provides a valuable platform to examine the dynamic aspects of expression mediated by diverse multicistronic elements under various physiological conditions.National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) of the Ministry of Science and ICT [NRF-2017R1C1B2008775, NRF-2017R1A4A1015534, NRF-2018M3C7A1022310]; KBRI basic research program through Korea Brain Research Institute - Ministry of Science and ICT [17-BR-04]Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Treatment of a Sequential Giant Fusiform Aneurysm of the Basilar Trunk

We report an exceptional case of a de novo giant fusiform aneurysm of the basilar trunk, which developed shortly after the therapeutic occlusion of the right internal carotid artery for a fusiform carotid aneurysm. It would appear to be appropriate to call this entity a sequential giant fusiform aneurysm. The patient was successfully treated with endovascular occlusion of the giant basilar trunk aneurysm following bypass surgery