1,365 research outputs found
Resonance of Domain Wall in a Ferromagnetic Nanostrip: Relation Between Distortion and Velocity
The resonance of the magnetic domain wall under the applied field amplifies
its velocity compared to the one-dimensional model. To quantify the
amplification, we define the distortion variation rate of the domain wall that
can represent how fast and severely the wall shape is variated. Introducing
that rate gives a way to bring the resonance into the one-dimensional domain
wall dynamics model. We obtain the dissipated energy and domain wall velocity
amplification by calculating the distortion variation rate. The relationship
between velocity and distortion variation rate agrees well with micromagnetic
simulation.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure
Neuroprotective Effects of Astaxanthin in Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation in SH-SY5Y Cells and Global Cerebral Ischemia in Rat
Astaxanthin (ATX), a naturally occurring carotenoid pigment, is a powerful biological antioxidant. In the present study, we investigated whether ATX pharmacologically offers neuroprotection against oxidative stress by cerebral ischemia. We found that the neuroprotective efficacy of ATX at the dose of 30ย mg/kg (nย =ย 8) was 59.5% compared with the control group (nย =ย 3). In order to make clear the mechanism of ATX neuroprotection, the up-regulation inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) together with the oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in SH-SY5Y cells were also investigated. The induction of various factors involved in oxidative stress processes such as iNOS was suppressed by the treatment of ATX at 25 and 50ย ยตM after OGD-induced oxidative stress. In addition, Western blots showed that ATX elevated of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1; Hsp32) and Hsp70 protein levels in in vitro. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of ATX were related to anti-oxidant activities in global ischemia
The Timing of Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Surgery: Comparison of Outcome in Early Versus Intermediate Surgery
The authors analyzed 47 cases of ruptured anterior communicating artery
aneurysms during the past three years that were clipped within 14 days after initial
hemorrhage, to study the influence of the timing of surgery on the development of
vasospasm-related complications. Twelve patients were operated within three days after
the onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (early group), and 35 patients were
operated 4-14 days after SAH (intermediate group). For the statistical analysis the
chi-square test with Yates' correction and Fisher's exact test were used. There were no
statistically significant differences between the early and the intermediate groups in (1)
the Hunt-Hess grade on admission and preoperatively, (2) the final outcome, (3) the
presence of associated diseases, or (4) the occurrence of angiographic vasospasm.
There was no difference in the preoperative medical management. The occurrence of
symptomatic vasospasm or infarct was not different in the early and intermediate
groups (p)0.10), nor was the occurrence of infarct in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
or non-ACA territory (p)0.10). Laterality of infarct was not related to laterality of surgical
approach in either the early or intermediate groups, nor in the whole group (p)
0.10). Hydrocephalus, rebleeding, and other complications were also not different in the
early and intermediate groups. The authors did not find any evidence that in patients
with ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms, the timing of surgery affects
the development of vasospasm-related complications
CerebraI Aneurysm Associated with AduIt PIoycystic Kidney Disease -Report of 2 Cases-
Two Cases of ruptured cerebral aneurysms associated with
polycystic kidney diseases (PKD) are presented. Case 1 is a 60-year-old woman
diagnosed as PKD after rupture of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm.
Eleven days after successful aneurysmal clipping, she died of sudden massive
intra-abdominal bleeding from kidney rupture. Case 2 is a 60-year-old man
diagnosed as aneurysmal rupture 15 years after diagnosis of PKD. After anterior
and posterior communicating artery aneurysms were clipped he recovered well.
Since cerebral aneurysms is far more prevalent in patients with PKD than in the
general population and aneurysm rupture is a leading cause of death, screening
of the aneurysm by digital subtraction angiography or magnetic resonance
angiography and prophylactic surgery of the aneurysm should be done
Recurrence of Completely Excised Arteriovenous Malformation: Review of the Literatures and Possible Explanation
The authors report a case of recurrent arteriovenous malformation
(AVM), which has been completely removed and disappeared on postoperative
angiography four years ago. Initially, at the age of nine years, she presented
intracerebral hematoma. The angiography demonstrated an aneurysm and AVM
nidus located in the posterior frontal area, fed by the branches of the anterior and
middle cerebral arteries. Eleven days after the ictus, rebleeding occurred, so left
fronto-parietal craniotomy was done emergently. The hematoma and AVM nidus
with aneurysm were removed. Her postoperative course was uneventful and
postoperative angiography showed that the AVM had been completely excised.
However, four years later, sudden focal motor seizure on right leg developed.
Magnetic resonance (MR) images and angiography demonstrated that the AVM
reappeared on the previously operated region. Extirpation of the recurrent AVM was
carried out. We do emphasize a long term follow-up MR images or a repeated
angiography is essential to confirm the complete absence after excision of the AVM
Myositis unrelated to the inoculation site after COVID-19 vaccination: a case report
We describe the case of a 49-year-old right hand-dominant woman with myositis of the biceps brachii muscle unrelated to the inoculation site following Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination on the deltoid muscle of the left shoulder. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has involved global spread, and different vaccines including inactivated, protein, vectored, and nucleic acid vaccines have been developed and administered. Common side effects of COVID-19 vaccines include general manifestations such as headache, fever, and fatigue, and various musculoskeletal symptoms. Here, we present a case of myositis occurring in the biceps brachii muscle unrelated to the inoculation site, which has not been reported previously, accompanied by a literature review. Level of evidence V
Petrosal Approach for Aneurysms on the Vertebrobasilar Artery Junction and Mid-Basilar Artery: Technical Note
The aneurysms located on vertebra-basilar artery junction and mid-basilar
artery are not common. These aneurysms may be surgically clipped through a variety
of approaches. The suboccipital approach has potential morbidities due to retraction
of cerebellum and brain stem. The supratentorial approach may have retraction
damage to the temporal lobe and the vein of Labbe.
Resection of petrous bone in combined approach of supratentorial and infratentorial
route has some advantages. There is minimal retraction of cerebellum, brain stem and
temporal lobe, preservation of the vein of Labbe and shortening of the operative distance.
Thus the petrosal approach may be helpful for the surgery of aneurysms arising
around vertebro-basilar artery junction and mid-basilar artery. We have clipped an aneurysm
on the vertebro-basilar artery junction and mid-basilar artery with petrosal approach
and discuss its usefulness for the approach to aneurysms on vertebro-basilar artery
junction and mid-basilar artery
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Real-Time Temporal Dynamics of Bicistronic Expression Mediated by Internal Ribosome Entry Site and 2A Cleaving Sequence
Multicistronic elements, such as the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and 2A-like cleavage sequence, serve crucial roles in the eukaryotic ectopic expression of exogenous genes. For utilization of multicistronic elements, the cleavage efficiency and order of elements in multicistronic vectors have been investigated; however, the dynamics of multicistronic element-mediated expression remains unclear. Here, we investigated the dynamics of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) IRES- and porcine teschovirus-1 2A (p2A)-mediated expression. By utilizing real-time fluorescent imaging at a minute-level resolution, we monitored the expression of fluorescent reporters bridged by either EMCV IRES or p2A in two independent cultured cell lines, HEK293 and Neuro2a. We observed significant correlations for the two fluorescent reporters in both multicistronic elements, with a higher correlation coefficient for p2A in HEK293 but similar coefficients for IRES-mediated expression and p2A-mediated expression in Neuro2a. We further analyzed the causal relationship of multicistronic elements by convergent cross mapping (CCM). CCM revealed that in all four conditions examined, the expression of the preceding gene causally affected the dynamics of the subsequent gene. As with the cross correlation, the predictive skill of p2A was higher than that of IRES in HEK293, while the predictive skills of the two multicistronic elements were indistinguishable in Neuro2a. To summarize, we report a significant temporal correlation in both EMCV IRES- and p2A-mediated expression based on the simple bicistronic vector and real-time fluorescent monitoring. The current system also provides a valuable platform to examine the dynamic aspects of expression mediated by diverse multicistronic elements under various physiological conditions.National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) of the Ministry of Science and ICT [NRF-2017R1C1B2008775, NRF-2017R1A4A1015534, NRF-2018M3C7A1022310]; KBRI basic research program through Korea Brain Research Institute - Ministry of Science and ICT [17-BR-04]Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
Treatment of a Sequential Giant Fusiform Aneurysm of the Basilar Trunk
We report an exceptional case of a de novo giant fusiform aneurysm of the basilar trunk, which developed shortly after the therapeutic occlusion of the right internal carotid artery for a fusiform carotid aneurysm. It would appear to be appropriate to call this entity a sequential giant fusiform aneurysm. The patient was successfully treated with endovascular occlusion of the giant basilar trunk aneurysm following bypass surgery
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