Origin, criterion, and mechanism of vortex-core reversals in soft magnetic nanodisks under perpendicular bias fields

We studied dynamics of vortex-core reversals driven by circular rotating fields along with static perpendicular magnetic fields of different direction and strength. We found that the application of perpendicular fields H p modifies the starting ground state of vortex magnetizations, thereby instigating the development of a magnetization dip mz,dip in the vicinity of the original core up to its threshold value, m z,dip cri ???-p, which is necessary for vortex-core reversals, where p is the initial core polarization. We found the relationship of the dynamic evolutions of the mz,dip and the out-of-plane gyrofields hz, which was induced, in this case, by vortex-core motion of velocity ??, thereby their critical value relation ??crihz cri. The simulation results indicated that the variation of the critical core velocity ??cri with Hp can be expressed explicitly as ??cri / ?? cri 0 = (??/ ??0) | -p- m z,dip g |, with the core size ?? and the starting ground-state magnetization dip m z,dip g variable with H p, and for the values of ?? cri 0 and ??0 at H p =0. This work offers deeper and/or new insights into the origin, criterion and mechanism of vortex-core reversals under application of static perpendicular bias fields.open7

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)-induced Mallory-Weiss laceration in a patient who underwent aortic and mitral valve replacement -A case report-

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a relatively noninvasive and highly valuable diagnostic modality to monitor cardiac surgery. TEE is utilized to estimate the results of the surgical correction or the cardiac function on a real time basis. Accordingly, the frequency of TEE usage is increasing. Previous studies have shown low risk of TEE-associated complications; nonetheless, major gastrointestinal trauma can occur on a rare occasion. We herein present a case of Mallory-Weiss laceration after an intraoperative TEE examination

Efficient and Moisture-Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells via n-Type Small-Molecule-Assisted Surface Treatment

Defect states at the surface and grain boundaries of perovskite films have been known to be major determinants impairing the optoelectrical properties of perovskite films and the stability of perovskite solar cells (PeSCs). Herein, an n-type conjugated small-molecule additive based on fused-unit dithienothiophen[3,2-b]-pyrrolobenzothiadiazole-core (JY16) is developed for efficient and stable PeSCs, where JY16 possesses the same backbone as the widely used Y6 but with long-linear n-hexadecyl side chains rather than branched side chains. Upon introducing JY16 into the perovskite films, the electron-donating functional groups of JY16 passivate defect states in perovskite films and increase the grain size of perovskite films through Lewis acid-base interactions. Compared to Y6, JY16 exhibits superior charge mobility owing to its molecular packing ability and prevents decomposition of perovskite films under moisture conditions owing to their hydrophobic characteristics, improving the charge extraction ability and moisture stability of PeSCs. Consequently, the PeSC with JY16 shows a high power conversion efficiency of 21.35%, which is higher than those of the PeSC with Y6 (20.12%) and without any additive (18.12%), and outstanding moisture stability under 25% relative humidity, without encapsulation. The proposed organic semiconducting additive will prove to be crucial for achieving highly efficient and moisture stable PeSCs

Alumina‐Epoxy‐Pore Composites Fabricated by Inkjet Printing for Wireless Communication Technology

Abstract Reducing transmission loss via composites with pores has emerged as a breakthrough method for information and communications technology applications. The super/extremely high‐frequency signals used in the technologies result in significant transmission loss. Demand for low‐loss materials with low dielectric constant (Dk) and low dissipation factor (Df) has increased in recent years. Here, it is demonstrated that the pore in composites can be reduced Dk and Df of composites with pores (air). In fabrication of composites, a drop‐on‐demand (DOD) inkjet printing method to fabricate composites with pores (air) for use in wireless communications technologies. The DOD method is a simple but versatile manufacturing process at low cost. Its versatile process makes it possible to control the amount of resin and pore in fabrication of the composites and moreover to distribute all their components isotopically and homogeneously. It is possible to fabricate the composites with a lower Dk and Df value by increasing pore amount in the composites. This strategy enabled us to inexpensively manufacture dielectric substrates with low Dk and Df values, greatly contributing to the communications technology industry

Newly identified maltol derivatives in Korean Red Ginseng and their biological influence as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents

Background: Korean Red Ginseng is a major source of bioactive substances such as ginsenosides. Efficacy of red ginseng extract (RGE), which contains not only saponins but also various non-saponins, has long been studied. In the water-soluble component-rich fraction of RGE (WS), a byproduct generated in the process of extracting saponins from the RGE, we identified previously unidentified molecules and confirmed their efficacy. Methods: The RGE was prepared and used to produce WS, whose components were isolated sequentially according to their water affinity. The new compounds from WS were fractionized and structurally analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Physiological applicability was evaluated by verifying the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacies of these compounds in vitro. Results: High-performance liquid chromatography confirmed that the obtained WS comprised 11 phenolic acid and flavonoid substances. Among four major compounds from fractions 1−4 (F1–4) of WS, two compounds from F3 and F4 were newly identified in red ginseng. The analysis results show that these compound molecules are member of the maltol-structure-based glucopyranose series, and F1 and F4 are particularly effective for decreasing oxidative stress levels and inhibiting nitric oxide secretion, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a few newly identified maltol derivatives, such as red ginseng-derived non-saponin in the WS, exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, making them viable candidates for application to pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and functional food materials

Mortality and cause of death in physical activity and insufficient physical activity participants: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national health screening cohort

Background Few studies have examined the association between physical activity (PA) and various causes of mortality in Korea. The aim of our study was to evaluate mortality and causes of death between PA and insufficient PA using Korean national cohort data. Methods The health screening cohort data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort from 2009 to 2015 were used. PA was determined if participants walked or performed moderate-intensity activity ≥5 d/week for ≥30 min, or vigorous-intensity activity ≥3 d/week for ≥20 min. Other participants were classified as insufficient PA. The PA and insufficient PA groups were matched by age, sex, income, and region of residence in a 1:1 ratio. Causes of death were classified into 13 categories. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all mortality rates were analyzed using a stratified Cox proportional hazard model. Age, sex, income, and region of residence were stratified. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age, sex, and obesity status. The odds ratio according to the causes of death was calculated by the chi-square test. Results The adjusted HR for mortality in the PA group was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.82–0.88). In subgroup analyses according to age, sex, and obesity status, results were consistent with the main findings in < 60-year-old females, ≥ 60-year-old males and females, and in all subgroups by obesity. The death rate by neoplasm, mental diseases, neurologic disease, circulatory disease, respiratory disease, digestive disease, abnormal finding, and trauma were lower in the PA than the insufficient PA group. Conclusions These results suggest that PA is inversely associated with mortality caused specifically by diseases reflected by mental, respiratory, cancer, and cardiovascular conditions. Additionally, PA is inversely associated with mortality compared to insufficient PA in all obesity status.This work was supported by the Hallym University Research Fund (HURF) and in part by research grants (NRF-2018-R1D1A1A02085328 and NRF2019R1A6A3A01091963) from the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea. The funding bodies contributed to the data analysis fee and the labor Table 4 The difference in mortality between the physical activity (PA) and insufficient PA groups according to cause of death Cause of death Total participants PA(n = 167,413) Insufficient PA (n = 167,413) Odds ratio (95% CI) P-value All-cause death (n,%) 5483 (100.0) 6781 (100.0) 0.80 (0.77–0.83) < 0.001*Infection (n,%) 110 (2.0) 142 (2.1) 0.78 (0.60–0.99) 0.057 Neoplasm (n,%) 2425 (44.2) 2781 (41.0) 0.87 (0.82–0.92) < 0.001*Metabolic disease (n,%) 165 (3.0) 202 (3.0) 0.82 (0.67–1.00) 0.063 Mental disease (n,%) 33 (0.6) 71 (1.1) 0.47 (0.31–0.70) 0.001* Neurologic disease (n,%) 110 (2.0) 155 (2.3) 0.71 (0.56–0.91) 0.010*Circulatory disease (n,%) 1011 (18.4) 1311 (19.3) 0.77 (0.71–0.84) < 0.001*Respiratory disease (n,%) 372 (6.8) 567 (8.4) 0.66 (0.58–0.75) < 0.001*Digestive disease (n,%) 171 (3.1) 215 (3.2) 0.80 (0.65–0.97) 0.036*Muscular disease (n,%) 30 (0.6) 35 (0.5) 0.86 (0.53–1.40) 0.535 Genitourinary disease (n,%) 79 (1.4) 87 (1.3) 0.91 (0.67–1.23) 0.535 Abnormal finding (n,%) 283 (5.2) 365 (5.4) 0.78 (0.66–0.91) 0.002*Trauma (n,%) 669 (12.2) 801 (11.8) 0.84 (0.75–0.93) 0.002*Others (n,%) 25 (0.5) 49 (0.7) 0.51 (0.32–0.83) 0.009*Abbreviation: PA physical activity * Chi-square test. Significance at false discovery rate-adjusted P < 0.05 Min et al. BMC Public Health (2020) 20:1469 Page 8 of 10 costs of researchers. The funding bodies have no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, interpretation of the data, or in writing the manuscript

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