High entropy nanomaterials for energy storage and catalysis applications

In the past decade, high entropy alloys have been a research field of interest largely attributed to the enormous possibilities in alloy compositions, solid solution microstructures, and enhanced properties. The progress accomplished so far in the innovative growth and development of the mechanical, nanomechanical, chemical, electrochemical properties for energy storage systems using high entropy alloys on the nanoscale has limited reports in the literature. Mastering the synthesis of high entropy alloys is the deciding factor, if not the holy grail, when interested in a new material. For nanoparticles, in particular, this is true. Hence, the study on the production of high entropy alloy nanoparticles (HE-NPs) and the impact of synthesis on the structure of the resulting nanomaterial is valid for newly emerging components like HEA-NPs and the linkages between synthesis, structure, and property are essential for creating HEA-NP-based applications for energy storage applications, requiring the creation of a fundamental protocol to enable their mass manufacture and efficiency in service. In this study, we have presented a straightforward review of high entropy alloys, recent advances in high entropy nanoparticles and their various syntheses for energy and catalysis applications

High Entropy Alloys for Aerospace Applications

In the aerospace industry, materials used as modern engine components must be able to withstand extreme operating temperatures, creep, fatigue crack growth and translational movements of parts at high speed. Therefore, the parts produced must be lightweight and have good elevated-temperature strength, fatigue, resistant to chemical degradation, wear and oxidation resistance. High entropy alloys (HEAs) characterize the cutting edge of high-performance materials. These alloys are materials with complex compositions of multiple elements and striking characteristics in contrast to conventional alloys; their high configuration entropy mixing is more stable at elevated temperatures. This attribute allows suitable alloying elements to increase the properties of the materials based on four core effects , which gives tremendous possibilities as potential structural materials in jet engine applications. Researchers fabricate most of these materials using formative manufacturing technologies; arc melting. However, the challenges of heating the elements together have the tendency to form hypoeutectic that separates itself from the rest of the elements and defects reported are introduced during the casting process. Nevertheless, Laser Engineering Net Shaping (LENS™) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM); a powder-based laser additive manufacturing process offers versatility, accuracy in geometry and fabrication of three-dimensional dense structures layer by layer avoiding production errors

Biomaterials for Drug Delivery: Sources, Classification, Synthesis, Processing, and Applications

A way to avoid or minimize the side effect that could result in drug delivery to cells with increased efficiency and performance in the health rehabilitation process is to use biocompatible and biodegradable drug carriers. These are essentially biomaterials that are metallic, ceramic, or polymeric in nature. The sources of these materials must be biological in its entire ramification. The classification, synthesis, processing, and the applications to which these materials are put are the essential components of having suitable target cell drug carriers. This chapter will be devoted to discussing biomaterials suitable as drug carrier for use in the health-related matters of rehabilitation

Recent Advances of High Entropy Alloys: High Entropy Superalloys

This study reviews the recent technological advancements in manufacturing technique; laser surface modification and material; High Entropy Superalloys. High Entropy Superalloys are current potential alternatives to nickel superalloys for gas turbine applications and these superalloys are presented as the most promising material for gas turbine engine applications

Recent advances in solar photovoltaic materials and systems for energy storage applications: a review

Abstract Background In recent years, solar photovoltaic technology has experienced significant advances in both materials and systems, leading to improvements in efficiency, cost, and energy storage capacity. These advances have made solar photovoltaic technology a more viable option for renewable energy generation and energy storage. However, intermittent is a major limitation of solar energy, and energy storage systems are the preferred solution to these challenges where electric power generation is applicable. Hence, the type of energy storage system depends on the technology used for electrical generation. Furthermore, the growing need for renewable energy sources and the necessity for long-term energy solutions have fueled research into novel materials for solar photovoltaic systems. Researchers have concentrated on increasing the efficiency of solar cells by creating novel materials that can collect and convert sunlight into power. Main body of the abstract This study provides an overview of the recent research and development of materials for solar photovoltaic devices. The use of renewable energy sources, such as solar power, is becoming increasingly important to address the growing energy demand and mitigate the impact of climate change. Hence, the development of materials with superior properties, such as higher efficiency, lower cost, and improved durability, can significantly enhance the performance of solar panels and enable the creation of new, more efficient photovoltaic devices. This review discusses recent progress in the field of materials for solar photovoltaic devices. The challenges and opportunities associated with these materials are also explored, including scalability, stability, and economic feasibility. Conclusion The development of novel materials for solar photovoltaic devices holds great potential to revolutionize the field of renewable energy. With ongoing research and technological advancements, scientists and engineers have been able to design materials with superior properties such as higher efficiency, lower cost, and improved durability. These materials can be used to enhance the performance of existing solar panels and enable the creation of new, more efficient photovoltaic devices. The adoption of these materials could have significant implications for the transition toward a more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy system. However, there are still challenges to be addressed, such as scalability, stability, potential environmental effects, and economic feasibility, before these materials can be widely implemented. Nonetheless, the progress made in this field is promising and continued reports on the research and development of materials for solar photovoltaic devices are crucial for achieving a sustainable future. The adoption of novel materials in solar photovoltaic devices could lead to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy system, but further research and development are needed to overcome current limitations and enable large-scale implementation

Understanding the inhibitory mechanism and protection performance of avocado seed nanoparticle extract in API X65 steel corrosion in a 1M HCl acid environment

There is currently a high need for effective and nontoxic corrosion inhibitors in the acidising industrial process due to rising concern for human life and environmental sustainability. As a result, in this work the anticorrosive efficiency of avocado seed nanoparticle extract (ASN) in APIX65 pipeline steel corrosion was examined in 1M HCl medium through weight loss and the potentiodynamic polarisation approach. The inhibitor morphology, particle size, and elemental composition were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The SEM examination of the steel surface indicates a considerable difference, demonstrating that the inhibitor formed a protective barrier on the metal surface with heteroatom constituents from the inhibitor. The findings show a corresponding increase in inhibition efficiency as the inhibitor concentration increases, with the highest inhibitor efficiency found at 95.65% for 5 g of ASN in 1 M HCl solution. Regarding the electrochemical test, ASN performs as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor. The weight loss test findings corroborated the electrochemical investigations, indicating that ASN had a high inhibitive effect on X65 steel in an acid medium. The ASN nanosize gives a huge surface area, resulting in increased reaction activity and the development of more shielding coatings. This study sheds light on the development of sustainable corrosion inhibitors for X65 steel

Optimization of avocado seed nanoparticle extract (ASNE) as green inhibitor on API X65 steel corrosion using response surface methodology

The use of natural products as inhibitors has become increasingly popular due to environmental concerns and the need for sustainable corrosion solutions. In this investigation, response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize the process variable of ASNE on API X65 steel in 1M HCl acid solution through gravimetric and surface analysis. The influence of concentration, temperature, and exposure time on the inhibition efficiency of avocado seed nanoparticle extract (ASNE) was examined using a central composite design (CCD). The optimum values obtained for the highest inhibition of 95.7% were a temperature condition of 25 °C, a concentration of 5 g/L, and exposure time of 24 hours. Microstructural examination of the studied samples showed a significant surface difference, confirming the formation of a protective layer on the steel surface. Experimental data was in good agreement with the model hence, the study provides valuable insights into the use of ASNE as an inhibitor for API X65 steel and demonstrates the effectiveness of RSM in optimizing the inhibition process variables

Nanomechanical characteristics of laser and arc melted AlCuFeNiSi high entropy alloy: a comparative study

The exploration of high-entropy alloy development for structural applications is a major requirement for the energy and transportation industries. The systematic strategy of designing high entropy alloys is not complete without considering the desired properties, the selection of the elements, the determination of the composition, and the choice of the manufacturing process for the production of high-performance materials. AlCuFeNiSi high-entropy alloys were prepared via laser metal deposition and arc melting. The nanomechanical and wear characteristics of arc-melted and laser-deposited AlCuFeNiSi high-entropy alloys were comparatively studied because a comprehensive understanding of their mechanical properties is not yet fully understood for structural applications in the energy industry. The empirical relationship between the laser power and the nanohardness was determined using the response surface methodology. The results showed that the high entropy alloys consisted of solid solution BCC and FCC phases. ANOVA showed that laser power had a significant effect on the nanohardness, increasing with an increase in laser power. The optimum laser process parameters to yield the best properties were obtained and backed up with experimental data to achieve a cost-effective design of experiments

Post-processing of direct metal deposited AlCrCoCuFeNi HEA using centrifugal barrel finishing

Stainless steels, Ni-based alloys, Ti-based alloys, and more recently high entropy alloys have been used in the aerospace industry to improve the exterior properties of components and coatings that require a fine surface finishing with over high temperature range. High- entropy alloys (HEA) have become a ground-breaking research field that provides solutions for structural/ functional materials in the aerospace industry. These alloys, fabricated via direct metal deposition, have better properties than those produced by arc melting. However, the poor surface finish acquired by the layer-by-layer laser deposition process fails to meet the industrial requirements. The implementation of surface treatment by centrifugal barrel finishing is employed to improve the surface roughness of AlCoCrCuFeNi laser deposited HEA. The results have shown a minimum surface roughness decrease of 40%. Thus, an improved surface finish was achieved