Slabost prostornog planiranja u Srbiji na primeru planiranja prostornog razvoja pogranične zone prema Bugarskoj

Uncertainty is the only thing we can count on in Serbia nowadays. It seems that never-ending transition and predominant neoliberal concepts in both economical and social issues are still leaning our spatial planning system against the wall. Moreover, nothing is clean from the planners' point of view: who are the main actors and referees, which are the rules of the planning game, and even where the playground boundaries are. Spatial planning has always been a kind of calculated risk, but here and now it seems like it is just pure and simple risk. The situation is critical on all levels, from national straight to local, due to the absence of the regional level. Most of the spatial planning institutions adhere to a traditional rigid planning model, which is deterministic, inflexible, with fixed land use regulations. The spatial planning system is predominantly planners' centered, implying that it is the planner who identifies the problems and seeks planning alternatives rooted exclusively in rational methods and objective determinants. There is little, or no room for different interests and ideas and consequently, hardly any room for various stakeholders and shareholders to take part in the planning process and the ensuing implementation phase. All these weaknesses are even more obvious when shown on the particular example: development planning of bolder area of Serbia toward Bulgaria. This paper deals with the basic social and economic frame in which planning is performed in Serbia in recent years together with the main problems within the planning practice itself, shown in the mentioned case study. It also argues for the necessary changes aiming to increase the spatial planning system efficiency.Nesigurnost je jedina stvar na koju se danas može računati u Srbiji. Utisak je da su tranzicija kojoj CE ne vidi kraj i dominirajući neoliberalni koncept u ekonomskoj i socijalnoj sferi bukvalno priterali sistem prostornog planiranja uza zid. Štaviše, sa stanovišta planera gotovo da ništa nije jasno: ko su glavni učesnici u planiranju, ko donosi odluke, koja su pravila igre pa čak i gde su granice igrališta. Prostorno planiranje je, doduše, uvek predstavljalo jedan oblik proračunatog rizika, ali danas i ovde je ono prost i čist rizik. Situacija je kritična na svim nivoima planiranja, od nacionalnog, preko regionalnog do lokalnog. Sadašnja praksa planiranja u Srbiji je planer-centrična, u smislu da gotovo isključivo planeri identifikuju probleme u prostoru i nude alternative za njihovo rešavanje. Premalo je mesta ostavljeno za drugačije interese i ideje, međusektosku koordinaciju i sinhronizaciju partnerstva između javnog i privatnog sektora. Konsekventno, premalo je mesta ostavljeno za građane, intresne grupe i organizacije da u procesu planiranja učestvuju, te da učestvuju i u procesu planske implementacije. Dobar primer autističnosti sistema planiranja u Srbiji je planiranje pogranične zone prema Bugarskoj. U ovom radu su prikazani socijalni i ekonomski okvir u kome planiranje u Srbiji danas deluje skupa sa problemima koji su se mogli identifikovati unutar struke, plastično ilustrovani na pomenutoj studiji slučaja. Pored ovog, u radu se pledira za uvođenje nephodnih promena koje bi sistem prostornog planiranja učinile efikasnijim

Održivost iz perspektive nacionalnog prostornog planiranja - sa primerom francuske

The growing commitment to sustainable development is giving rise in many countries to reviews and reform of systems and policies of spatial planning. Spatial planning has a primary role in creating more sustainable patterns of development, and this has been widely recognized in EU. This paper considers how spatial planning at the national level can contribute to sustainability objectives. It addresses following questions: 1. Why is national spatial planning necessary to achieve more sustainable development? 2. What is sustainability from a spatial planning perspective? 3. How can national spatial planning contribute to sustainable development? And 4. How are national governments actually responding to sustainability through national spatial planning and with what effect? The paper is primarily based on research undertaken in the preparation of the several key planning policy documents on EU level. The emphasis of the paper is thus on environmental sustainability and the experience in EU countries -with France as a case study. It is recognized that spatial planning undertaken at the national level is important in resolving problems between environmental, social and economic sustainability.Rastuća privrženost konceptu održivog razvoja nagnala je veliki broj zemalja da preispitaju i reformišu svoje sisteme i politike prostornog planiranja. Prostorno planiranje ima primarnu ulogu u formiranju prostornih struktura, koje će u većoj meri odgovoriti doktrini održivog razvoja, što je preporuka Evropske Unije. Ovaj rad razmatra kako prostorno planiranje na nacionalnom nivou može doprineti realizaciji ciljeva održivog razvoja, kroz traženje odgovora na sledeća pitanja: 1. Zašto je nacionalno prostorno planiranje neophodno da bi ce postigao održivi razvoj? 2. Šta je održivost iz perspektive nacionalnog prostornog planiranja? 3. Kako nacionalno prostorno planiranje doprinosi održivom razvoju? 4. Kako nacionalne vlade reaguju na održivost koristeći prostorno planiranje i sa kakvim efektima? Rad je uglavnom zasnovan na istraživanjima koja su prethodila izradi nekoliko ključnih dokumenata vezanih za politike prostornog razvoja na nivou Evropske Unije, pa je težište na prikazu iskustava iz zemalja članica - sa posebnim osvrtom na iskustva Francuske. Rezultati istraživanja govore da je prostorno planiranje na nacionalnom nivou važno u pogledu sniženja tenzija između ekonomske, socijalne i envajornmentalne održivosti

Ka novoj ulozi prostornog planiranja

The rule-based, normative, decentralized methods which enabled cities and regions to grow during the post-war era of industrialization and rural-urban migration now stand in the way of an easy adjustment of territories to the new economy, and make the pursuit of sustainable development objectives more costly and time consuming. How can these spatial planning systems change? Based on an exchange of countries’ experiences and analyses of the challenges of the 21st century, policy-makers and experts, meeting in Paris in 1999 and 2000 under a supervision of OECD, noted a growing convergence of planning practice in both federal and centralized countries with the respect to the role of the private sector, the priorities for government, and the importance of a broad, multisectoral approach. This overview of conclusions from the Paris meetings defines the cutting edge of a field that will be critical to successful economies in the future.Normativni, na pravilima zasnovan metod prostornog planiranja koji je gradovima i regionima omogućio rast u posleratnom periodu industrijalizacije i migracija u pravcu selo-grad danas u sve većoj meri poskupljuje i čini teže ostvarivim ciljeve održivog prostornog razvoja. Kako učiniti sistem prostornog planiranja efikasnijim? Na osnovu razmene iskustava zemalja u domenu prostornog planiranja i analize izazova koji predstoje u 21. veku predstavnici vlada i eksperti iz velikog broja zemalja su pod pokroviteljstvom OECD-a u Parizu u toku 1999. i 2000. godine konstatovali konvergenciju prakse prostornog planiranja kako u centralističkim tako i u federalno uređenim državama, sa naglaskom na ulogu privatnog sektora prioritete nacionalnih vlada i važnost kompleksnog, multisektorskog pristupa. Rad predstavlja sintezu i pregled rezultata sastanaka na kojima je definisana oštrica prostornog planiranja, discipline od koje će u budućnosti zavisiti uspešne ekonomije

Mondijalizacija - negacija teritorije

The main objective of this paper is to present some weaknesses and inconsistence of the mondialization/globalization concept, especially regarding obvious negation of territoriality as a principle and a crude reality of uneven spatial distribution of resources, wealth and population on global scale. The domination of the globalism and neo-liberalism in the spheres of economy, society, culture and even language leads toward greater differences, in such intensity that some authors describe it as a "clash of civilizations". Loosing territoriality means loosing "raison d’etre" of spatial planning. Some efforts to introduce participation as a planning solution for the beginning of the new century is actually a Trojan horse and a step in the wrong direction.Osnovni cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na neke slabosti i nedoslednosti koncepta mondijalizacije, posebno kada je reč o sve očitijem negiranju teritorijalnosti kao principa i surove realnosti neravnomerne prostorne raspodele resursa, bogatstva i stanovništva na globalnom nivou. Prevlast mondijalizma i neoliberalizma u ekonomskoj, ali i socijalnoj, kulturnoj pa i lingvističkoj sferi neminovno vodi ka još većem zaoštravanju razlika, takvom da ga neki autori nazivaju "sukobom civilizacija". Negiranjem teritorijalnosti praktično i prostorno planiranje gubi svoj elementarni smisao, a apostrofiranje participacije u planiranju kao rešenja za nagomilane probleme u prostoru zapravo predstavlja pogrešan recept u pogledu postizanja novog legitimiteta profesije

Velike dileme prostornog planiranja

The planners often forget fundamental, unsolved dilemmas of their profession due to the everyday request and needs, and because those huge problems have permanent nature and they are consequently rarely considered as a main issue. The dichotomy between planning on the one and (neo) liberalism and market mechanisms on the other hand, together with the similar relations between economic development and spatial development and protection of space are always shaping spatial planning. The aim of this paper is to reconsider all those basic questions within the frame of current economic, social and political circumstances the trends

Istorijski koreni prostornog planiranja

Despite the fact that spatial planning is the souvenir of the second half of XXth century, as an organized activity it is rooted in early history, along with the efforts and visible traces of first civilizations trying to control and use their territory. Our investigation shifts from this first spatial enterprises during Antique, over medieval so called prehistory events in Netherlands and France, up to the first official state policies in the beginning of last century. We dare, as well, to give a planners interpretation of classical approach to geopolitics, trying to explain the means and ends that shaped the space through history. The aim of this paper is, using selected case studies, to show the historical origin of the discipline and to prove the continuity of spatial policies from ancient to modern times.Iako je prostorno planiranje tekovina druge polovine dvadesetog veka, korene ove delatnosti treba tražiti u organizovanim aktivnostima prvih civilizacija koje su ostavile jasne tragove uređenja i uprave na velikim teritorijama koje su kontrolisale. Mada takva razmatranja uslovno pripadaju kompleksu geopolitičkih istraživanja, usudili smo se da damo i jednu interpretaciju geopolitike sa stanovišta prostornog planiranja, koju nasleđuju prapolitike planiranja u srednjem veku, da bi pregled bio završen u prvoj polovini prošlog veka prvim zvaničnim politikama prostornog razvoja. Cilj ovog rada je da izabranim primerima iz istorije prostornog planiranja pokaže poreklo savremenih shvatanja ove discipline i dokaže kontinuitet prostornih politika koje se sprovode od antičkih vremena do danas

Istorijski koreni prostornog planiranja

Despite the fact that spatial planning is the souvenir of the second half of XXth century, as an organized activity it is rooted in early history, along with the efforts and visible traces of first civilizations trying to control and use their territory. Our investigation shifts from this first spatial enterprises during Antique, over medieval so called prehistory events in Netherlands and France, up to the first official state policies in the beginning of last century. We dare, as well, to give a planners interpretation of classical approach to geopolitics, trying to explain the means and ends that shaped the space through history. The aim of this paper is, using selected case studies, to show the historical origin of the discipline and to prove the continuity of spatial policies from ancient to modern times.Iako je prostorno planiranje tekovina druge polovine dvadesetog veka, korene ove delatnosti treba tražiti u organizovanim aktivnostima prvih civilizacija koje su ostavile jasne tragove uređenja i uprave na velikim teritorijama koje su kontrolisale. Mada takva razmatranja uslovno pripadaju kompleksu geopolitičkih istraživanja, usudili smo se da damo i jednu interpretaciju geopolitike sa stanovišta prostornog planiranja, koju nasleđuju prapolitike planiranja u srednjem veku, da bi pregled bio završen u prvoj polovini prošlog veka prvim zvaničnim politikama prostornog razvoja. Cilj ovog rada je da izabranim primerima iz istorije prostornog planiranja pokaže poreklo savremenih shvatanja ove discipline i dokaže kontinuitet prostornih politika koje se sprovode od antičkih vremena do danas

Ka rekonstrukciji teorije planiranja

This article intends to determine whether or not the extensive debate within the Planning Theory has led to a better understanding of the meaning 'planning' and a clarification of its role. Since the response to this question is negative, the article will examine: what are the reasons for that situation and under what conditions a further development of the debate and research can achieve a real contribution to what should be its main objectives - better understanding of planning and helping to perfect its methods.U radu se pokušava odrediti da li je široka debata unutar teorije planiranja dovela do boljeg shvatanja značenja reči 'planiranje' i objašnjenja njegove uloge. Budući da je odgovor na to pitanje negativan, u radu će se ispitati: koji su razlozi za tu situaciju i pod kojim uslovima dalji razvoj debate i istraživanja može doprineti boljem razumevanju planiranja i unapređenju njegovih metoda

Održivost iz perspektive nacionalnog prostornog planiranja - sa primerom francuske

The growing commitment to sustainable development is giving rise in many countries to reviews and reform of systems and policies of spatial planning. Spatial planning has a primary role in creating more sustainable patterns of development, and this has been widely recognized in EU. This paper considers how spatial planning at the national level can contribute to sustainability objectives. It addresses following questions: 1. Why is national spatial planning necessary to achieve more sustainable development? 2. What is sustainability from a spatial planning perspective? 3. How can national spatial planning contribute to sustainable development? And 4. How are national governments actually responding to sustainability through national spatial planning and with what effect? The paper is primarily based on research undertaken in the preparation of the several key planning policy documents on EU level. The emphasis of the paper is thus on environmental sustainability and the experience in EU countries -with France as a case study. It is recognized that spatial planning undertaken at the national level is important in resolving problems between environmental, social and economic sustainability.Rastuća privrženost konceptu održivog razvoja nagnala je veliki broj zemalja da preispitaju i reformišu svoje sisteme i politike prostornog planiranja. Prostorno planiranje ima primarnu ulogu u formiranju prostornih struktura, koje će u većoj meri odgovoriti doktrini održivog razvoja, što je preporuka Evropske Unije. Ovaj rad razmatra kako prostorno planiranje na nacionalnom nivou može doprineti realizaciji ciljeva održivog razvoja, kroz traženje odgovora na sledeća pitanja: 1. Zašto je nacionalno prostorno planiranje neophodno da bi ce postigao održivi razvoj? 2. Šta je održivost iz perspektive nacionalnog prostornog planiranja? 3. Kako nacionalno prostorno planiranje doprinosi održivom razvoju? 4. Kako nacionalne vlade reaguju na održivost koristeći prostorno planiranje i sa kakvim efektima? Rad je uglavnom zasnovan na istraživanjima koja su prethodila izradi nekoliko ključnih dokumenata vezanih za politike prostornog razvoja na nivou Evropske Unije, pa je težište na prikazu iskustava iz zemalja članica - sa posebnim osvrtom na iskustva Francuske. Rezultati istraživanja govore da je prostorno planiranje na nacionalnom nivou važno u pogledu sniženja tenzija između ekonomske, socijalne i envajornmentalne održivosti