Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018):a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Research and Design of a Routing Protocol in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络，作为全球未来十大技术之一，集成了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、分布式信息处理和自组织网技术，可实时感知、采集、处理、传输网络分布区域内的各种信息数据，在军事国防、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾、防恐反恐、危险区域远程控制等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。 本文研究分析了无线传感器网络的已有路由协议，并针对大规模的无线传感器网络设计了一种树状路由协议，它根据节点地址信息来形成路由，从而简化了复杂繁冗的路由表查找和维护，节省了不必要的开销，提高了路由效率，实现了快速有效的数据传输。 为支持此路由协议本文提出了一种自适应动态地址分配算——ADAR（AdaptiveDynamicAddre...As one of the ten high technologies in the future, wireless sensor network, which is the integration of micro-sensors, embedded computing, modern network and Ad Hoc technologies, can apperceive, collect, process and transmit various information data within the region. It can be used in military defense, biomedical, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, counter-terrorism, remote control of haz...学位：工学硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院通信工程系_通信与信息系统学号：2332007115216

GPU-accelerated Interval Arithmetic to solve the Apollonius Problem applied to a Stereo Drift Chamber

International audienceWe propose a new system of equations which identifies the helix common to all drift distance hits produced by a full stereo drift chamber detector when a charged particle passes through this detector. The equation system is obtained using the Apollonius' problem as guideline which gives it a very simple form and a clear physics interpretability as the case of full axial drift chamber detector. The proposed method is evaluated using drift distance hits constructed from Monte Carlo-generated helix trajectory tracks. The equation system is solved using a robust accelerated GPU brute-force algorithm based on interval arithmetic. All code is written using the Julia programming language

Phase diagram of the orthorhombic, lightly lutetium doped EuMnO 3 magnetoelectric system

International audienceThis paper reports on structural, magnetic, dielectric, thermodynamic, and magnetodielectric properties of Eu1−xLuxMnO3, with 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.2, towards the (x, T) phase diagram. The phase diagram reflects the effect of lattice distortions induced by the isovalent substitution of Eu3+ by smaller Lu3+ ions, which gradually unbalances the antiferromagnetic against the ferromagnetic exchange interactions, enabling the emergence of both ferroelectricity and magnetoelectric coupling. For x < 0.1, the paramagnetic phase is followed by a presumably incommensurate collinear antiferromagnetic phase AFM-1, and then a weak ferromagnetic phase seems to be established, with a canted A-type antiferromagnetic order. For 0.1 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.2, the AFM-1 phase is followed by an antiferromagnetic phase AFM-2 with modulated spiral spin arrangement, compatible with ferroelectricity. The disappearance of hysteresis cycles P(E) at low temperatures, clearly indicates the existence of an antiferromagnetic phase AFM-3, whose spin structure is not compatible with both the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic components. The magnetic behavior of EuMnO3 and Eu0.9Lu0.1MnO3 suggests the existence of a phase line separating the AFM-1 phase from the AFM-2 and AFM-3 phases, which is observed for x = 0.1. Magnetodielectric coupling was evidenced for both x = 0.1 and 0.2 compositions. Ferroelectric polarization and magnetodielectric coupling coefficient are larger for the latter composition