Roles for veterinarians in laboratory animal facilities. Responsibilities and training

Veterinary education is rich by the variety of its disciplines and the number of animal species it covers. However, at the end of his studies, the young veterinarian has not received any specialised training to be prepared for the demanding world of biomedical research laboratory. He may soon be faced with complex problems in which his advice or decisions can have a significant impact on a research program or the well-being of animals. The new regulations on the protection of so-called “laboratory animals” put animal welfare at the very centre of the veterinarian’s concerns, providing him with a key advisory role. It is therefore essential that, through a range of specialized and appropriate training, he acquires specific skills in order to be able to interact properly with the research teams and fully assume the many roles and responsibilities that he has to coverL’enseignement vétérinaire est riche, tant par les disciplines enseignées que les espèces animales abordées. Mais, à l’issue de ses études, le jeune vétérinaire n'a pas reçu de spécialisation lui permettant de satisfaire les exigences des laboratoires de recherche biomédicale. Il y est toutefois vite confronté à des problématiques complexes, pour lesquelles ses conseils, voire ses décisions, peuvent avoir un impact important sur un programme de recherche ou sur le bien-être des animaux. La nouvelle réglementation relative à la protection des animaux dits « de laboratoire » met l’accent sur le bien-être animal, plaçant le vétérinaire en position de conseiller incontournable en la matière. Il est donc essentiel que ce dernier acquière, grâce à une formation spécialisée, des compétences spécifiques aux animaleries de laboratoire et aux espèces animales qu’elles hébergent, afin de pouvoir interagir à bon escient avec les équipes de recherche et assumer pleinement les nombreux rôles et responsabilités qui sont les sien

CETOBaC – Centre d’études turques, ottomanes, balkaniques et centrasiatiques

Constant Hamès, chargé de recherche au CNRSAlexandre Popovic, directeur de recherche émérite au CNRS Histoire moderne et contemporaine des musulmans balkaniques Nous avons pu terminer au cours de cette année l’analyse détaillée du très riche ouvrage de l’historien et turcologue serbe Glisa Elezovic (1879-1960), Derviski redovi muslimanski. Tekije u Skoplju (Les ordres de derviches musulmans. Les tekke de Skoplje), paru à Skoplje même en 1925 (d’abord en feuilleton dans deux périodiques locaux..

CETOBaC – Centre d’études turques, ottomanes, balkaniques et centrasiatiques

Constant Hamès, chargé de recherche au CNRSAlexandre Popovic, directeur de recherche émérite au CNRS Histoire moderne et contemporaine des musulmans balkaniques Nous avons pu terminer au cours de cette année l’analyse détaillée du très riche ouvrage de l’historien et turcologue serbe Glisa Elezovic (1879-1960), Derviski redovi muslimanski. Tekije u Skoplju (Les ordres de derviches musulmans. Les tekke de Skoplje), paru à Skoplje même en 1925 (d’abord en feuilleton dans deux périodiques locaux..

IISMM – Institut d’études de l’Islam et des sociétés du monde musulman

Olivier Bouquet, maître de conférences à l’Université de Nice-Sophia AntipolisAnne-Laure Dupont, maître de conférences à l’Université Paris-IV/SorbonneBenjamin Lellouch, maître de conférences à l’Université Paris-VIII/Vincennes-Saint-DenisCatherine Mayeur-Jaouen, professeur à l’INaLCOSabrina Mervin, chargée de recherche au CNRSNicolas Michel, maître de conférences à l’Université Aix-Marseille-I/ProvenceM’hamed Oualdi, Chantai Verdeil, maîtres de conférences à l’INaLCO Histoire moderne et cont..

IISMM – Institut d’études de l’Islam et des sociétés du monde musulman

Olivier Bouquet, maître de conférences à l’Université de Nice-Sophia AntipolisAnne-Laure Dupont, maître de conférences à l’Université Paris-IV/SorbonneBenjamin Lellouch, maître de conférences à l’Université Paris-VIII/Vincennes-Saint-DenisCatherine Mayeur-Jaouen, professeur à l’INaLCOSabrina Mervin, chargée de recherche au CNRSNicolas Michel, maître de conférences à l’Université Aix-Marseille-I/ProvenceM’hamed Oualdi, Chantai Verdeil, maîtres de conférences à l’INaLCO Histoire moderne et cont..

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

Background: We previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15–20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in ~ 80% of cases. Methods: We report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded. Results: No gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5–528.7, P = 1.1 × 10−4) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR = 3.70[95%CI 1.3–8.2], P = 2.1 × 10−4). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR = 19.65[95%CI 2.1–2635.4], P = 3.4 × 10−3), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR = 4.40[9%CI 2.3–8.4], P = 7.7 × 10−8). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD] = 43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P = 1.68 × 10−5). Conclusions: Rare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old

ANALYSE DE LA FREQUENCE D'APPARITION DE TUMEURS PULMONAIRES CHEZ LE RAT APRES EXPOSITION A DES AEROSOLS D'OXYDES D'ACTINIDES (IDENTIFICATION DE FACTEURS DE RISQUE EN COMPARANT LE NPO2 ET LE PUO2)

PARIS5-BU-Necker : Fermée (751152101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

HUMANE ENDPOINTS IN SEVERE IRRADIATION EXPERIMENTS USING NON-HUMAN PRIMATES: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS.

International audienceA retrospective statistical study has been performed in order to identify the biological, clinical and behavioural variables that could potentially predict the survival status of irradiated non-human primates (NHP) and to refine the future use of humane end points (HEP). The available data come from experiments that were initially designed and implemented to evaluate the efficacy of various treatments of the radiation-induced hematopoietic syndrome. A group of 15 NHP was selected on the basis of similar irradiation and treatment protocols. Among those 15 NHP, 3 animals died during the study despite efforts developed to prevent high suffering and death. Among individual variables collected during the study, the ones retained for the present analysis were Flt3-ligand concentration in plasma, body temperature, alimentary behaviour and general behaviour score. A Bayesian predictive analysis showed that, although some of these variables were of potential interest, none of them alone proved valuable in predicting the death of the three animals. A refined analysis showed that a rapid decrease in body temperature during 3 consecutive days of more than 2.5°C was predictive of the death of two out of three animals. Moreover, a combination of several variables including decrease in body temperature and general behaviour score, improved the prediction of death. These results confirm that a HEP cannot only rely on the use of a single variable, strongly suggesting using a combination of variables, including behaviour, as a composite HEP in NHP experiments using high doses of irradiation

Does DPUI for inhaled actinide oxides actually reflect the risk of malignant lung tumor induction?

The aim of this study was to compare lung tumour incidence measured in rats after inhalation exposure to aerosols containing alpha emitters which have different physico-chemical properties. Aerosols of radon and radon progeny, uranium ore dust, Np02, Pu02 or Cm203 were considered for inter-comparison with similar or different particle sizes. Dose-effect relationships for malignant lung tumour frequency appear linear up to a few Gy and then become infra linear at higher doses delivered to the lungs. The initial slope reflects the risk of lung tumour induction. The highest slopes of incidence were observed for radon and uranium ore dust (about 20%Gy-1) for which the most homogeneous alpha dose distribution to the lungs is expected. In a general trend, increasing the alpha activity of deposited particles (higher specific activity of constitutive radioisotopes or larger particle size) decreases the risk. The comparison of the reported data, shows that the risk per Gy at low doses (as well as DPUI) could vary over 1 order of magnitude depending on the physico-chemical properties of the aerosols. Mechanisms involved in the risk variation are discussed.Workshop on Internal Doismetry of Radionuclide

The utility of pharmacological and radiological interventions to optimize diagnostic information from PET/CT

BACKGROUND: Positron Emission Tomography with Computed Tomography (PET/CT) is widely used in the assessment of many diseases, particularly including cancer. However, many factors can affect image quality and diagnostic performance of PET scans using FDG or other PET probes. MAIN BODY: The aim of this pictorial essay is to review PET/CT protocols that can be useful to overcome these confounding factors in routine clinical situations, with a particular focus on pharmacological interventions and problem-oriented CT acquisition protocols. CONCLUSION: Imaging protocols and representative cases will be discussed, in addition to potential contraindications and precautions to be taken