The politics of in/visibility: carving out queer space in Ul'yanovsk

<p>In spite of a growing interest within sexualities studies in the concept of queer space (Oswin 2008), existing literature focuses almost exclusively on its most visible and territorialised forms, such as the gay scene, thus privileging Western metropolitan areas as hubs of queer consumer culture (Binnie 2004). While the literature has emphasised the political significance of queer space as a site of resistance to hegemonic gender and sexual norms, it has again predominantly focused on overt claims to public space embodied in Pride events, neglecting other less open forms of resistance.</p><p> This article contributes new insights to current debates about the construction and meaning of queer space by considering how city space is appropriated by an informal queer network in Ul’ianovsk. The group routinely occupied very public locations meeting and socialising on the street or in mainstream cafés in central Ul’ianovsk, although claims to these spaces as queer were mostly contingent, precarious or invisible to outsiders. The article considers how provincial location affects tactics used to carve out communal space, foregrounding the importance of local context and collective agency in shaping specific forms of resistance, and questioning ethnocentric assumptions about the empowering potential of visibility.</p&gt

ПРОТЕКТИВНАЯ ВЕНТИЛЯЦИЯ И ПОСЛЕОПЕРАЦИОННЫЕ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЯ ПРИ ОБШИРНЫХ ПАНКРЕАТОДУОДЕНАЛЬНЫХ ВМЕШАТЕЛЬСТВАХ

Protective peri-operative ventilation can improve post-surgery outcomes and reduce the frequency of respiratory complications. The goal of the study was to evaluate the impact of ventilation with low respiratory volume solely or in combination with permissible hypercapnia (HC) on the outcomes of major pancreaticoduodenal surgery. Materials and methods. 60 patients were enrolled into prospective study who had planned pancreaticoduodenal operations lasting for more than 2 hours. All patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: mechanical ventilation with high respiratory volume (10 ml/kg of predicted body mass (PBM), HRV group, n = 20), low respiratory volume (6 ml/kg of PBM, LRV group, n = 20), and low respiratory volume with moderate HC (РаСО2 45–60 mm Hg., LRV+HC group, n = 20). Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters and frequency of complications were recorded in the peri-operative period. Results. Ratio of РаО2 /FiO in 24 hours upon surgery completion was 15% higher in LRV group compared to HRV group. Higher frequency of atelectasis and prolonged hospital stay were typical of patients from HRV group. Lower concentration of arterial blood lactate was observed in the patients from LRV+HC group. Conclusion. Preventive reduction of respiratory volume in pancreaticoduodenal surgery improves the post-operative oxygenation, decreases the frequency of atelectasis and duration of hospital stay. Протективная периоперационная вентиляция может улучшать послеоперационные исходы и снижать частоту дыхательных осложнений. Цель исследования состояла в оценке влияния вентиляции с низким дыхательным объемом (ДО) либо изолированно, либо в сочетании с допустимой гиперкапнией (ГК) на исходы обширных операций в панкреатодуоденальной зоне. Материалы и методы. В проспективное исследование включено 60 взрослых пациентов, которым выполняли плановое панкреатодуо- денальное вмешательство продолжительностью более 2 ч. Все пациенты были рандомизированы в 3 группы: искусственная вентиляция легких с высоким ДО (10 мл/кг предсказанной массы тела (ПМТ), группа ВДО, n = 20), низким ДО (6 мл/кг ПМТ, группа НДО, n = 20) и низким ДО в сочетании с умеренной ГК (РаСО2 45–60 мм рт. ст., группа НДО + ГК, n = 20). В периоперационном периоде регистрировали гемодинамические и дыхательные параметры, а также частоту осложнений. Результаты. По сравнению с группой ВДО соотношение РаО2 /FiO2 через 24 ч после окончания операции было на 15% выше в группе НДО. Пациенты группы ВДО характеризовались более высокой частотой ателектазирования и увеличением продолжительности госпитализации. У пациентов группы НДО + ГК к концу операции отмечали более низкую концентрацию лактата артериальной крови. Вывод. При панкреатодуоденальных вмешательствах превентивное снижение дыхательного объема улучшает послеоперационную оксигенацию, снижает частоту ателектазов, а также сокращает продолжительность пребывания в стационаре.

Toxicity of Organic Fluorophores Used in Molecular Imaging: Literature Review

Fluorophores are potentially useful for in vivo cancer diagnosis. Using relatively inexpensive and portable equipment, optical imaging with fluorophores permits real-time detection of cancer. However, fluorophores can be toxic and must be investigated before they can be administered safely to patients. A review of published literature on the toxicity of 19 widely used fluorophores was conducted by searching 26 comprehensive biomedical and chemical literature databases and analyzing the retrieved material. These fluorophores included Alexa Fluor 488 and 514, BODIPY FL, BODIPY R6G, Cy 5.5, Cy 7, cypate, fluorescein, indocyanine green, Oregon green, 8-phenyl BODIPY, rhodamine 110, rhodamine 6G, rhodamine X, rhodol, TAMRA, Texas red, and Tokyo green. Information regarding cytotoxicity, tissue toxicity, in vivo toxicity, and mutagenicity was included. Considerable toxicity-related information was available for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compounds indocyanine green and fluorescein, but published information on many of the non-FDA-approved fluorophores was limited. The information located was encouraging because the amounts of fluorophore used in molecular imaging probes are typically much lower than the toxic doses described in the literature. Ultimately, the most effective and appropriate probes for use in patients will be determined by their fluorescent characteristics and the safety of the conjugates