A Study On Need And Challenges Of Retail Sector In Indian Economy

Retail Sector is a very large sector in India. It has occupied an important role all over the country. No place in India is found without Retail trade. Its importance has been increasing day by day due to its advantages like requirement of very limited capital, limited manpower, limited space and less legal formalities. Even a single person with limited resources can also start this business. As we know that India is a second most populated country in the world just after China. Poverty and unemployment are major problems in our country. These two problems are root cause and also remedy of each other. If one problem is solved other will be solved automatically. In this way we can say that employment help us in reducing poverty and other related problems like robbery, loot, crimes, Dacoit etc. Retail Sector is one of the easiest, oldest, and cheaper ways of employment among the youth in country. The study comprises need and challenges of retail sector in Indian economy and also to provide recommendation and solution for the problems faced by Indian retail sector

Our Primary Level Text books and Social Constructs about Gender

Text books are not only an expression of the beliefs of the writers who are a part of a particular social milieu, but also a shaper of the belief system of the coming generations. A reading of the primary school text books of various publications, including NCERT, shows that they seem to be guided by many age old social constructs about gender. ‘Social construct’ is an idea that seems to be natural and so obvious that it is accepted unquestionably, but, which in fact, may not represent reality, being actually an invention of a given society. In fact ‘gender’ itself is a social construct. Down the years, gender sensitivity as regards the text books has been limited to an increase in pictorial content depicting women and gender role reversals, but has not questioned the traditional gender power structure

Quest for Identity in Bharati Mukherjee’s Novel Leave It to Me

Quest for identity or identity crisis has achieved propel in the Post Colonial literature. Post colonial literature can be identified by its discussion of cultural identity. It attempts to restore the original culture, conformity to the culture presented by the settlers or the creation of a new culture which combines both the left and the adopted. Indian English fiction deals eventually with the predicament, rising due to multi-culturalism and intercultural interactions. When a man is uprooted, he mislays the sense of belongingness and thus suffers from a sense of insecurity or identity crises. &nbsp

Novels of Shashi Deshpande: A Study with Humanistic Perspectives

The crux of novels of Shashi Despande lies in the fact that, it’s not easy to sustain and survive as a woman with dignity in the patriarchal and tradition bound society. The venture may land them into tremendously disastrous situation. At the same time, the message communicated by Deshpande is loud and clear that they will not lie low suffering the pangs of their situation meekly. The protagonists would wage a war against the hostile human condition in which they are found trapped as if it were a cage. In this respect her writings are akin to the vision of Anita Desai unlike that of Arundhati Roy, Shobha De and Manju Kanpur. Despande and Anita Desai evolve a balance between traditional demands and circumstantial compulsions and renegotiate their will to transcend the facticity they are plagued with

Value Addition, Packaging and Storage of Aonla in India

The product Aonla (Emblica officinalis Geartn), the king of arid fruits, popularly known as “Indian gooseberry”, is a small-sized minor subtropical fruit grown widely in North India. India ranks first in the world in aonla area and production volume. It is considered to be a “wonder fruit for health” because of its unique properties. Uses. Aonla fruit is very useful in treating many diseases such as diabetes, cough, asthma, bronchitis, headache, dyspepsia, colic, flatulence, skin diseases, leprosy, jaundice, scurvy, diarrhoea and cancer. Packaging. Different packaging materials such as nylon net, perforated polyethylene bags, ventilated corrugated fibre boxes, gunny bags, wooden crates, etc., can be used for prolonging the storage life of fruit. Storage. Refrigerated storage helps in enhancing the storage life of fruit. Value addition. There are numerous products such as aonla squash, candy, jam, chutney, etc., which are pre- pared from aonla fruit. Inclusion of these products in the diet definitely helps in improving the nutritional value of Indian meals. Discussion. The low cost of the products as well as good sensory, nutritional and shelf life qualities mean that processed aonla products are appropriate for commercialization. In order to obtain a good income from aonla, it must be sold immediately in the market; if not, to make profit, proper storage facilities should be available. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i10.01

Study of Ashoka (Saraca Asoca) Bark w.s.r. to its samples available in the crude drug market of Bombay

Ashoka is one of the most legendary and sacred trees of India. The Ashoka bark has been very widely used in Indian System of Medicine. It has very good effects in Uterine, genital and reproductive disorders. Ashoka bark is one of the top 20 herbs traded in Ayurveda and Herbal Industry being main ingredient in almost all formulations to treat Gynaecological disorders. Due to more demand and less supply of authentic Ashoka, there is substitution or adulteration with other plants. In this study of Ashoka bark with special reference to its samples available in the crude drug market of Mumbai, we determined method and time of collection of the authentic Ashoka bark, its organoleptic characteristics, Pharmacognostical and physic-chemical along with market samples. A great difference was observed in authentic Ashoka bark and marketed samples. Reference Ashoka bark collected from Sanjay Gandhi National Botanical Garden, Mumbai as per procedures described in Charak Samhita Vimansthana chaper 8. Other five samples of Ashoka bark available in name of Ashoka were collected from different locations of Mumbai crude drug Market. All six samples were properly powdered, sieved and kept in air tight containers for further study. In this study, emphasis is led upon standardisation of Ashoka - Saraca asoca (Roxb.) and its samples available in the crude drug market

A Study on Economics of Marketing and Production of Aonla in District Pratapgarh (U.P.)

The study was conducted, in Pratapgarh district of Uttar Pradesh. Random sampling technique was used for the selection of blocks, villages and proportionate random sampling for selection of growers. From the list, 200 growers were selected, using proportionate sampling method i.e. 90 small, 70 medium and 40 large farmers respectively. The primary data were collected from the respondents by using interview schedule, while secondary data were collected from the official records, published data, magazines etc. The marketable surplus for Aonla in the area was found to be 140, 160 and 180 quintals per farm which constituting (99.10%), (99.48%) and (99.48%) to their total Aonla production. Channel-I, Marketing cost when producers sold their produce to consumer in the market was Rs.90/quintal. Net price received by the producer is 410/quintal. Producer share in consumer price was 82 per cent. Price spread is Rs 90. Marketing efficiency was 5.55 per cent. Channel-II, Marketing cost when producers sold their produce to retailers was Rs.105/quintal. Among these cost transportation charges was most important which accounted for Rs.15/quintal, followed by loading and unloading cost Rs.10/quintal, market cost Rs.10/quintal, labour cost was Rs.10/quintal and miscellaneous cost Rs.50/quintal respectively. Sale price of the producer to retailer was Rs.500/quintals inn different farms size group. Channel-III, this is identified as the longest channel. The producer sells his produce to the commission agents, who in turn sell it to retailer in the market. Finally, the produce reaches to the consumer after collecting margin. Average marketing cost when producer sold their produce to commission agents, in the market was Rs.165. Among these grading, cleaning etc. was Rs. 10 and 10 per Qts. loading and unloading cost Rs. 10 per Qtl. Transportation cost Rs. 20per Qts, Miscellaneous charges Rs. 25/qts, respectively. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i9.01

Review of Cataract w.s.r. to Kacha

Cataract is a vision impairing disease characterized by gradual, progressive thickening of the lens. It is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world now a days. This is unfortunate, considering that the visual morbidity brought about by age-related cataract is reversible. As such, early detection, close monitoring and timely surgical intervention must be observed in the management of senile cataracts. Clinically the symptoms of Kacha can be correlated with Cataract

First Trimester Screening by Ultrasonographic Markers For Prediction of Preeclampsia

Aim- To correlate association of ultrasonographic markers in antenatal patients with subsequent development of preeclampsia Material Method - 131 pregnant women, in first trimester of pregnancy were investigated for their uterine artery Doppler and  placental volume. These patients were followed up till term for the development of preeclampsia. Results: Out of 131 antenatal cases 20.61% developed preeclampsia. Uterine artery Pulsatility index >95th percentile(>2.3) with mean 2.08±0.43(p value 0.0001) predicted pre eclampsia with sensitivity of 51.85% with specificity of 95.19%. Similarly Resistance index of Uterine artery >95th  percentile(>0.8) with mean 0.771±0.084(p value 0.018) predicted pre eclampsia with sensitivity of 48.15% and specificity of 87.50% . Placental Quotient <10th percentile (<0.81) with mean 0.89 (p value 0.0001)predicted pre eclampsia with sensitivity of 40.74% and specificity of 96%.On combining all three ultrasonographic parameters the sensitivity for prediction of preeclampsia was increased to 70.37% with specificity of 86.54%  with PPV of 36.74% % and NPV of 96.34% %. Conclusion: Maternal ultrasonographic markers like Uterine artery PI, RI, Placental Quotient levels vary between normal pregnancies and those that subsequently developed preeclampsia. Thus our study concludes that  first trimester screening with ultrasonographic markershave high sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value in detection of preeclampsia

Existential Dilemma in Toni Morrison’s Beloved

Toni Morrison verbalizes in novel manners the pain and battle of a traumatized self and local area. In her novels, the traumatic truth of a dark self shows itself in the characters' self-hatred and self-disdain, and in the deficiency of their individual and cultural identity. Her fiction resolves issues of African American history, traumatizing experience and identity, often additionally captivating with inquiries of sex and sex, and, less significantly, class. When writing in a climate where everything except a couple of dark writers battled for acknowledgment, presently the subject of much recognition, Morrison’s work has provoked various and assorted basic reactions. The Beloved and Song of Solomon utilize the devices of disruption, corruption and sensuality to portray the traumatic encounters of the Black ladies’ heroes. During the last fifteen or so years grant treating the Morrison oeuvre has blossomed, making her clearly quite possibly the most talked about creators of the contemporary time frame. Toni Morrison’s In her novel, Beloved (1987), Toni Morrison shows the overwhelming impacts of slavery and its specialist disasters as these impacts show themselves through numerous ages of one family. The trauma of slavery is with the end goal that nobody contacted by it can break liberated from the past, even a long time after actual freedom. This is valid for the novel's hero, Sethe, a once in the past oppressed lady living in Cincinnati after the Civil War and third novel Song of Solomon (1977) goes about as a milestone in her profession, since it uncovers the imaginative development she has acquired, and furthermore presents the arrangement she has observed to tackle the overwhelming issues she depicts in her initially traumatizing novel. The distinctive traumatic occasions make Morrison's novels appropriate for logo helpful perusing and examination