RESEARCH ON ESTABLISHING ECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY IN JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE CULTURE

In the period 2018-2020. within RDSFCSS Dabuleni, from Romania, 4 planting epochs were studied and 2 harvest epochs. Determinations were made on the number of tubers/plant, the average weight of a tuber and the production per unit area. Regardless of the planting epoch both the number of tubers/plant and the average weight of a tuber was higher in the plants  harvested after 29 weeks after planting. The highest production of tubers was obtained by planting Jerusalem artichoke between April 15-25 and harvested after 29 weeks. In this variant. the production was 66.02 t / ha. corresponding to a number of 45.9 tubers / plant. with an average weight of 47.8 g / tuber

RESULTS REGARDING THE FERTILIZATION OF THE SUNFLOWER CROP WITH AN EFFLUENT OBTAINED BY WASTEWATER TREATMENT

The research was carried out in 2020 on the sunflower crop grown in sandy soils in southern Oltenia and aimed at the influence of fertigation with an effluent obtained by wastewater treatment, compared to conventional fertilization and irrigation with normal water from surface water sources. The obtained results showed the positive influence, on the nutritional status of the plant, of ensuring the dose of nitrogen in the vegetation by fertigation with purified water, applied fractionally in 2-3 steps (Nt-3.5%; Pt = 0.35% Kt = 2.7%), compared to classical fertilization and irrigation with normal water from surface water sources. It was noted with the best results on production (4427.5 kg / ha) and the weight of one thousand grains (69 g), the variant in which the dose of 70 kg N / ha, required in vegetation, was ensured by irrigation with treated water,  applied fractionally in two doses of 50%, starting with the phase of 5-7 leaves.Â

RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATIONS ON THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF GRAIN SORGHUM IN THE CONDITIONS OF SANDY SOILS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA

Research conducted at SCDCPN Dăbuleni in the period 2018-2019, regarding the influence of the fertilization system on the nutritional quality of grain sorghum, has revealed different results, due to both the applied fertilization and the climatic conditions of the study period. The most balanced biochemical composition of sorghum beans was obtained in the fertilized variant with N150P80 K80 + biostimulatory (ALBIT-40 ml / ha) (11.72% humidity, 13.50% protein, 906.39 kg / ha protein, 6714kg / ha grain production, 3.53% fat, 87 kg / hl hectolitric mass, 29g mass of 1000 grains). The amount of protein expressed as a percentage increased with the increase of the production but insignificant, and the quantity of protein expressed in kg / ha increased with the increase of the distinct grain production significantly. Regarding the influence of the study years, the best results were obtained in the climatic conditions of the year 2018, which was characterized by maximum average temperatures of 26.6 0C, in the summer months and with significant precipitations during the period May-July (106.6-195.2mm)

THE BEHAVIOR OF VARIETIES OF JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE ON THE SANDY SOILS FROM SOUTH OF OLTENIA

The Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) is considered a species with relatively high tolerance to water stress and very high adaptability to extremes of unfavorable factors - drought resistance, at extremely high temperatures (350- 450C the plants and -300 -450C the tubers). The tubers with high inulin content are formed on the root branches and are increasingly used as food for patients with diabetes. The variety is one of the main factors of the technology, the cultivation of a variety should be done only after a preliminary test regarding its adaptability to the natural environmental factors. On the sandy soils from Dabuleni were studied the varieties Dacic, Olimp, Rustic and the local population Dăbuleni. It was noted by the number of tubers/plant the Olimp variety with 60.4 stems/plant, and the highest weight of a tuber was recorded in the Rustic variety (51.6 g/tuber). The highest production was made at the Olimp variety, respectively 70.03 t/ha, corresponding to the largest number of tubers harvested at a plant, followed by the production of the Rustic variety of 51.97t/ ha. At the Dacic variety, 15.6 t/ha were obtained, and the local population of Dăbuleni achieved the lowest production (6.45 t/ha). The inulin content was between 12.49% in the Rustic variety and 14.47% in the Olimp variety. Dacic varieties and local population Dăbuleni were highlighted by high in total dry matter, soluble dry matter and soluble carbohydrates, and Rustic varieties and local population Dabuleni were high in vitamin C content (14.92-14.96 mg)

RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL WORKS ON COWPEA CULTIVATED UNDER ECOPEDOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA

The results obtained in the cowpea culture, studied during 2016-2018 in the conditions of the sandy soils, highlight the importance of germination bed preparation and the size of the nutrition space on the growth and fructification processes of the plant.  Analyzing the soil moisture dynamics during the plant vegetation, there is a better conservation of water in the soil, when was performed by plowing at a depth of 22-25 cm + disking to a depth of 10-15 cm,the soil moisture being within the limits of 6.98-16.8%. The best results were recorded by sowing 25 germinable seeds / m2 in a germination bed prepared by the plowing at a depth of 22-25 cm + disking of 10-15 cm deep (9.75 pods / plant, 8.85 grains / pod, 2483.5 kg / ha). This version was recorded the lowest level of weed (scoring on the EWRS scale with note 2.0, in the branching phase and 1.66, in the flowering phas

EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY FOR IRRIGATION OF WATER FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES FROM SOUTHERN OLTENIA

The researches were carried out under the conditions of 2019 and aimed at assessing the quality and availability for irrigation of groundwater and surface water from different sources located on the territory of Dabuleni Research Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands (Dabuleni RDSPCS). The results regarding the quality of the water showed different values according to the source and climatic conditions. The average values regarding the fixed mineral residue, pH, nitrate content and ammonium ions, determined in 9 working points, show that the analyzed sources cannot be used as drinking water, but can be used for irrigation of agricultural crops. The obtained results showed the following water quality indicators: mineral residue = 475 -1350 mg / dm3; pH = 7.05 - 8.43; nitrates = 10.23 - 28.08 mg / dm3, ammonium (NH4 +) = 1.73 - 8.82 mg/dm3

THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM) GENOTYPES UNDER SANDY SOIL CONDITIONS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA

This study follows the behaviour of seven genotypes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), cultivated on the sandy soils of Dăbuleni, with the aim of diversifying the range of plants tolerant to climatic factors in southern Oltenia. Observation of vegetative characteristics such as plant height, number of sympodia, number of flowers in the first decade of flowering and quantitative characteristics such as boll weight, fibre weight, seed weight and number of seeds / plant were the object of the study. Research on cotton plant development was correlated with climatic data recorded by the weather station of Dăbuleni RDSPCS, during the growing season from plant sowing in the field to boll formation. Following the study and showing positive results, The Beli-Lom genotype stood out in terms of flowering yield and fibre percentage, and the Cirpan-539 and Beli-Iskar genotypes had positive vegetative growth yield

RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF PLANTING DENSITY ON BIOMASS PRODUCTION IN JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE GROWN ON SANDY SOILS

Jerusalem artichoke is a species with high production potential, resistance to diseases and pests, with good tolerance to variations in climatic factors. Research conducted showed that the highest production of above-ground biomass of 64779 kg / ha was obtained at a planting distance of 40 cm between plants in a row. Analyzing the interaction between the studied factors (planting density x fertilization doses) on the production of fresh tubers, it is found that the distance of 40 cm between plants / row and the level of fertilization of N120P120 K80 ensured the highest production of 41671 kg / ha fresh tubers / ha, not statistically insured

VARIABILITY OF CHARACTERISTICS AND TRAITS IN SOME GENOTYPES OF FOREIGN PEANUTS GROWN ON THE SANDY SOILS OF SOUTHERN OLTENIA

Peanuts are considered one of the most important food plants in the tropical and subtropical regions. Due to their high protein and fat content, they are very valuable and varied in use. The study of the variability of the quantitative characters was performed on 5 genotypes of foreign peanuts grown at RDSPCS Dabuleni using biometric measurements and observations during the vegetation period on the plant's waist, the number of shoots per plant, and in the laboratory determinations were made on pods and grains. Analyzing some characters of the stem, we observed a small variability regarding the length of the stem with values of s% = 3.07-4.5%, and the number of stems / plant with higher values of s% = 4.0-6, 73%. The number of grains in the pods and the mass of 1000 grains show good stability in all genotypes.

Dynamics of tubers' accumulation and the nutritional quality of the potatoes cultivated on the sandy soils from the South plain area from Romania

Potato production is very high performing culture, but also very demanding environmental conditions (climatic) and technological (fertilization, protection). Potato yields are influenced by a complex of biological factors, environmental and technological. The strongest factor limiting production is drought period from May to September, when training and intense accumulation of tubers that occurs with great frequency in all areas of the country's culture. Potato varieties tested in 2008-2010 to the Research-Development Station for the Culture of the Plants on the Sandys Soils Dăbuleni, Dolj County, Romania, regarding the dynamics of accumulation in tubers showed that the variety is an important factor in culture technology. Choosing the right variety of potato crop leads to success. To highlight the ability of potato cultivars to accumulate as early substances in tuber harvesting were done at 45 days of vegetation at 55 days after physiological maturity vegetation and potato plants. Production of tubers in the trade conditions of the area by plain ranged greatly depending on the variety grown and harvest time. Determinations on quantitative accumulation and nutritional quality of potato tubers were performed according to the variety and amount of fertilizer applied to sandy soils in climatic conditions in southern of Oltenia