Treatment with organic manure inoculated with a biocontrol agent induces soil bacterial communities to inhibit tomato Fusarium wilt disease

IntroductionOrganic manure, plant growth-promoting microorganisms, and biocontrol agents are widely used to sustainably control soil-borne diseases. However, how and whether organic manure inoculated with biocontrol agents alters soil microbiota and reduces disease severity is poorly understood.MethodsHere, we examined changes to the soil microbial community, soil properties, and incidence of Fusarium wilt disease in response to several fertilization regimes. Specifically, we studied the effects of inorganic chemical fertilization (CF), organic manure fertilization (OF), and Erythrobacter sp. YH-07-inoculated organic manure fertilization (BF) on the incidence of Fusarium wilt in tomato across three seasons.ResultsBF-treated soils showed increased microbial abundance, richness, and diversity compared to other treatments, and this trend was stable across seasons. BF-treated soils also exhibited a significantly altered microbial community composition, including increased abundances of Bacillus, Altererythrobacter, Cryptococcus, and Saprospiraceae, and decreased abundances of Chryseolinea and Fusarium. Importantly, BF treatment significantly suppressed the incidence of Fusarium wilt in tomato, likely due to direct suppression by Erythrobacter sp. YH-07 and indirect suppression through changes to the microbial community composition and soil properties.DiscussionTaken together, these results suggest that Erythrobacter sp. YH-07-inoculated organic manure is a stable and sustainable soil amendment for the suppression of Fusarium wilt diseases

A New Model for Predicting Dynamic Surge Pressure in Gas and Drilling Mud Two-Phase Flow during Tripping Operations

Investigation of surge pressure is of great significance to the circulation loss problem caused by unsteady operations in management pressure drilling (MPD) operations. With full consideration of the important factors such as wave velocity, gas influx rate, pressure, temperature, and well depth, a new surge pressure model has been proposed based on the mass conservation equations and the momentum conservation equations during MPD operations. The finite-difference method, the Newton-Raphson iterative method, and the fourth-order explicit Runge-Kutta method (R-K4) are adopted to solve the model. Calculation results indicate that the surge pressure has different values with respect to different drill pipe tripping speeds and well parameters. In general, the surge pressure tends to increase with the increases of drill pipe operating speed and with the decrease of gas influx rate and wellbore diameter. When the gas influx occurs, the surge pressure is weakened obviously. The surge pressure can cause a significant lag time if the gas influx occurs at bottomhole, and it is mainly affected by pressure wave velocity. The maximum surge pressure may occur before drill pipe reaches bottomhole, and the surge pressure is mainly affected by drill pipe operating speed and gas influx rate

Productivité des aigrettes et hérons nicheurs en six sites asiatiques

La production, la taille des oeufs et les conditions corporelles des poussins ont été étudiées chez le Héron garde-boeufs (Bubulcus ibis), l'Aigrette intermédiaire (Egretta intermedia), l'Aigrette garzette (Egretta garzetta), le Crabier chinois (Ardeola bacchus) et le Bihoreau gris (Nycticorax nycticorax) en deux sites de Chine centrale et dans quatre autres au Pakistan. La production en Chine s'est avérée très forte, plus importante qu'au Pakistan, probablement en relation avec une grande disponibilité de zones humides pour l'alimentation. La forme sombre de l'Aigrette garzette de la côte du Pakistan présentait une productivité significativement plus faible que celle des formes blanches

Studies of Ionic Current Rectification Using Polyethyleneimines Coated Glass Nanopipettes

The modification of glass nanopipettes with polyethyleneimines (PEIs) has been successfully achieved by a relatively simple method, and the smallest tip opening is around 3 nm. Thus, in a much wider range of glass pipettes with radii from several nanometers to a few micrometers, the ion current rectification (ICR) phenomenon has been observed. The influences of different KCl concentrations, pH values, and tip radii on the ICR are investigated in detail. The sizes of PEIs have been determined by dynamic light scattering, and the effect of the sizes of PEIs for the modification, especially for a few nanometer-pipettes in radii, is also discussed. These findings systemically confirm and complement the theoretical model(7,18) and provide a platform for possible selectively molecular detection and mimic biological ion channels

Effect of Rock-Dust-Amended Compost On the Soil Properties, Soil Microbial Activity, and Fruit Production In an Apple Orchard From the Jiangsu Province of China

© 2020, © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This study examined the effect of compost fortified with rock dust on the soil properties, soil microbial activity, and yield and fruit quality in a mature apple orchard from the Jiangsu province of China. The incorporation of rock dust significantly improved the microelement contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, B, and Al, but without increasing phytotoxicity of the compost. The fortified compost had higher metabolic activity and functional diversity of microorganisms as determined by the community-level physiological profiling with Biolog EcoPlates. The two-year incorporation of the rock dust compost into a poor-quality soil led to a significant increase in the yield with the increase of 120% and 187% compared to untreated control in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Application of rock dust compost obviously promoted superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and concentration of vitamin C in mature apple trees. The beneficial effects coincided with higher microbial activity and shifts in the composition of the soil microbiome. Our results demonstrate that the practice of combining the rock dust-fortified compost with NPK fertilizers provides a cost-effective way of supplying crops with macro-and micronutrients ensuring better vegetative growth and higher yields

Multi-Scale Feature Selective Matching Network for Object Detection

Numerous deep learning-based object detection methods have achieved excellent performance. However, the performance on small-size object detection and positive and negative sample imbalance problems is not satisfactory. We propose a multi-scale feature selective matching network (MFSMNet) to improve the performance of small-size object detection and alleviate the positive and negative sample imbalance problems. First, we construct a multi-scale semantic enhancement module (MSEM) to compensate for the information loss of small-sized targets during down-sampling by obtaining richer semantic information from features at multiple scales. Then, we design the anchor selective matching (ASM) strategy to alleviate the training dominated by negative samples caused by the imbalance of positive and negative samples, which converts the offset values of the localization branch output in the detection head into localization scores and reduces negative samples by discarding low-quality anchors. Finally, a series of quantitative and qualitative experiments on the Microsoft COCO 2017 and PASCAL VOC 2007 + 2012 datasets show that our method is competitive compared to nine other representative methods. MFSMNet runs on a GeForce RTX 3090