ORGANIC AGRICULTURE IN ROMANIA - AN IMPORTANT RESOURCE OF QUALITY RAW MATERIALS FOR INNOVATIVE FOODS

Organic foods, functional foods, Food supplements are designed and built from organic agricultural raw materials and natural food additives. In the last ten years, in Romania, there has been a significant increase in ecologically certified areas, an increase in organic cereal crops, areas cultivated with green harvested plants and permanent crops (orchards, vines, fruit bushes). These increases facilitate the obtaining of foods with high nutritional density and an increased processing efficiency. All these are part of the Sustainable Development Strategy of Romania in the period 2020-2030, approved in EC

RESEARCH ON THE CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE INVASIVE SPECIES AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA FROM PASTURES

The present paper presents the results of the chemical control research of the species Ailanthus altissima, an invasive species that damages the lands on which it appears spontaneously, in the form of restricted areas. The total systemic herbicide Roundup, based on glyphosate, 360 g/l was used. Two methods of application were investigated, namely, by brushing on a 30 cm height of the tree trunk and by injection into holes made in the tree trunk. Undiluted herbicide was applied. The first method of application had almost no effect on Ailanthus altissima trees due to the fact that the herbicide cannot be absorbed through the mature bark of the trees. The second method of application gave very good results

THE DIVERSITY OF USEFUL BEETLES FROM THE POBORU ORCHARD ECOSYSTEM, OLT COUNTY

This paper presents data on the abundance and diversity of useful coleopteran species collected in the plum plantation in Poboru, Olt county. The research was carried out in 2022, starting from April to September.During the observation period, research was carried out on the entomofauna of useful coleoptera found in the Poboru orchard ecosystem. This was subjected to an analysis regarding the structure and abundance of useful coleopterans encountered in the studied fruit crop, and they were selected from the total of coleopterans identified and treated separately.Thus, in 2022, 8 species from the Carabidae family, 2 species from the Staphilinidae family and 10 species from the Coccinellidae family were identified.According to the data obtained in 2022, the Coccinellidae family represented 61.12%, the Carabidae family accounted for 28.75% and the Staphilinidae family 10.13%

THE EFFICIENCYOF THE NUTRIENT DOSES WITH SEVERAL CROPS IN FUNCTION OF THE SOIL SUPPLY

From a surface of about 50 ha, located in District Olt, there have been taken soil samples on 0-20 cm depth and there were made agrochemical analyses. In function of the results of the analyses there were calculated the fertilizer doses N, P, K, active ingredients, for the fertilization of the, wheat, corn, sunflower and oil seed rape.         &nbsp

THE DIVERSITY OF COLEOPTERANS (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE, SCOLYTIDAE, CURCULIONIDAE RHYNCHITIDAE) FROM THE PLUM ECOSYSTEMS IN POBORU LOCATION, OLT COUNTY

The present work is dedicated to the research of the current state of the fauna and the diversity of the coleoptera in the plum ecosystems in Poboru, Olt county.As a result of the investigations carried out in 2022, in the North-Eastern area of Olt county, the harmful coleoptera species collected in the analyzed orchard ecosystem were classified into 4 families: Scarabaeidae, Scolytidae, Curculionidae and Rhynchitidae. (P.Pasol, Ionela Dobrin , Loredana Frasin, , Treatise on special entomology, Pests of horticultural crops, 2007, page 209-220). Thus, in 2022, 11 species from the Scarabaeidae family, 3 species from the Scolytidae family, 5 species from the Curculionidae family and one species from the Rhynchitidae family were identified. According to the data obtained in 2022, the Scarabaeidae family represented 36.90%, the Scolytidae family was found in a proportion of 22.62%, the Curculionidae family 38.10%, and the Rhynchitidae family 2.38%

Researches on nutrient losses mitigation from farming sloppy land

In order to reduce nutrient losses on farming land with the declination up to 6% from Research Centre for Pastures Preajba, Gorj there have been tried two methods: the applying of organic – mineral fertilizers and buffer strips with pasture herbs. The applying of organic – mineral fertilizer L120 which was obtained from lignite coal has determined the diminishing of phosphorus losses. This way, on the sown pasture, the phosphorus losses have ranged between 0.21 and 0.27 kg/ha when superphosphate fertilizer has been applied and 0.15-0.20 kg/ha when organic – mineral fertilizer, L120 has been given. Buffer strips with 10 m width, along Preajba creek have mitigated the nutrient losses from sloppy adjacent terrains. In this manner, without buffer strips there were lost 0.78 t/ha of soil, 111.2 kg/ha humus, 7.99 kg/ha P and 0.59 kg/ha K. When buffer strips were put in place, the losses were only of 0.286 t/ha soil, 19.5 kg/ha humus, 1.22 kg/ha N and 0.053 kg/ha P

The influence of several fertilizer rates on the quality of wheat flour on cambic chernozem from A.R.D.S. Caracal

In order to establish the influence of several fertilizer rates (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) on the quality of flour obtained from wheat there was established a polifactorial experiment, in 2011 at Agricultural Research and Development Station Caracal on a baticalcaric cambic chernozem. This trial has analyzed the folowing quality indicators of flour: wet gluten, falling index, Zeleny sedimentation test, the index of gluten formation, glutenic index, farinograph test, alveograph test. After analyzing these indicators there resulted that a good quality flour can be obtained when moderate nitrogen rates are applied, of N100-N150 kg/ha as well as phosphorus in a rate of 80 kg/ha. The single using of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers do not ensure a good quality of the flour. The mixed applying of fertilizers determines a better action as nutrients and crop requirements are fulfilled. Single applying of fertilizers creates disequilibrium in plant nutrition and, as a result, the flour has poor quality

FOLIAR AND STEM CHEMICAL CONTROL OF THE INVASIVE SPECIES AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA FROM PASTURES

The present paper presents the results of the chemical foliar control research of the species Ailanthus altissima. In the shrubs sprayed on the foliar apparatus, the effect was 100%, only where the solution reached the leaves, and in the tops of the trees where the solution did not spread, the leaves were not affected, having a normal vegetation. It should be noted that this method applied by spraying the foliar apparatus did not affect other shrubs in the vicinity, only the treated herbicide had an effect on those treated. In conclusion, the herbicide had its effect only where it came in contact with the leaves, the rest of the leaves not being affected. In those injected with a herbicide dose of 4 ml / cm in the diameter of the tree (15 cm in diameter corresponds to a dose of 60 ml pure herbicide) at a distance of 30 cm above the ground, the herbicide made its effect 100%, these shrubs drying completely. They were also affected, in addition to those injected a no. of 10 and 12 trees, respectively, on a perimeter of 10 m2, but not entirely, the foliar apparatus being affected 70-80% of the foliage and at the same time new shoots of approx. 30-40 cm long, and the tendency of herbicidal trees to regenerate after approx. 35 days

Implications of oral dysbiosis and HPV infection in head and neck cancer: from molecular and cellular mechanisms to early diagnosis and therapy

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common type of cancer, with more than half a million new cases annually. This review focuses on the role of oral dysbiosis and HPV infection in HNCs, presenting the involved taxons, molecular effectors and pathways, as well as the HPV-associated particularities of genetic and epigenetic changes and of the tumor microenvironment occurred in different stages of tumor development. Oral dysbiosis is associated with the evolution of HNCs, through multiple mechanisms such as inflammation, genotoxins release, modulation of the innate and acquired immune response, carcinogens and anticarcinogens production, generation of oxidative stress, induction of mutations. Thus, novel microbiome-derived biomarkers and interventions could significantly contribute to achieving the desideratum of personalized management of oncologic patients, regarding both early diagnosis and treatment. The results reported by different studies are not always congruent regarding the variations in the abundance of different taxons in HNCs. However, there is a consistent reporting of a higher abundance of Gram-negative species such as Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Treponema, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella, Bacteroidetes, Haemophilus, Veillonella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacterales, which are probably responsible of chronic inflammation and modulation of tumor microenvironment. Candida albicans is the dominant fungi found in oral carcinoma being also associated with shorter survival rate. Specific microbial signatures (e.g., F. nucleatum, Bacteroidetes and Peptostreptococcus) have been associated with later stages and larger tumor, suggesting their potential to be used as biomarkers for tumor stratification and prognosis. On the other hand, increased abundance of Corynebacterium, Kingella, Abiotrophia is associated with a reduced risk of HNC. Microbiome could also provide biomarkers for differentiating between oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers as well as between HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors. Ongoing clinical trials aim to validate non-invasive tests for microbiome-derived biomarkers detection in oral and throat cancers, especially within high-risk populations. Oro-pharyngeal dysbiosis could also impact the HNCs therapy and associated side-effects of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. HPV-positive tumors harbor fewer mutations, as well as different DNA methylation pattern and tumor microenvironment. Therefore, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which oral microbiota and HPV infection influence the HNC initiation and progression, screening for HPV infection and vaccination against HPV, adopting a good oral hygiene, and preventing oral dysbiosis are important tools for advancing in the battle with this public health global challenge