EXPECTATIONS OF PRE-SERVICE PRIMARY TEACHERS TOWARDS A BOOK ABOUT TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS ON PRIMARY EDUCATION

The purpose of this research is to determine the expectation of pre-service primary teachers for a teaching of mathematics book. The study was conducted with 41 pre-service teachers. The research was defined as a case study from descriptive qualitative research designs. Pre-service teachers were asked about the qualities they thought of a book of teaching of mathematics to be prepared for primary school 1th-4th grades should have, and a text expressing their thoughts was made them write. The collected data were analyzed by the content analysis method. According to the results, pre-service teachers expect that teaching of mathematics book meets the needs both during their undergraduate education and throughout their teaching life. They stated that the language of the book should be removed as far as possible from the academic language. Also, regarding the mathematical content of the book, it is stated that the practices must be rich in terms of activities, instead of complicated mathematical notations, there should be expressions that can be easily understood, the clearest explanation of mathematical concepts should be included in the book. They also pointed out the book including what might be the misconceptions about mathematical concepts or what might be the misconceptions about the topic would be useful for them in the point of what they should pay attention to when teaching them. They also stated that there should be a lot of material samples for teaching each subject about mathematical content

Identifying Common Errors in Vertical Lowercase Manuscript Writing of the First Graders in Primary School

The aim of the study is to identify common writing errors of the first graders in primary school. The sample of study was consisted of 67 students. Case study was used for the research design. A data collection tool was developed for identifying the errors that students have made while writing vertical lowercase letters. According to the findings, the most common types of errors encountered occurred as a result of non-compliance with the rules related to the writing directions of the lowercase letters. Also, it was seen that curved shaped were drawn in some letters which must have been drawn a line-shaped, that some letters were drawn round not fully closed which must have been drawn round, that the round of letters were drawn as ellipses that when the letters were drawn ellipse-shaped letters were drawn in a tilted way and that the round of letters was combined with the line in the wrong side

Multiple Shoot Regeneration Of Ceratophyllum Demersum L. On Agar Solidified And Liquid Mediums

Coontail or hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) is a submergent aquatic macrophyte from Ceratophyllaceae family that has been widely used to remove heavy metals (photoremediation) and for pollution monitoring (biomonitor) in the aquatic environment. Besides that, it is used as aquatic plant and as a source of food for some livestock and poultry. Shoot tips, 1st and 2nd nodal explants of C. demersum were cultured on agar solidified or liquid MS medium supplemented with 0.05-0.80 mg/L BA. Multiple shoot regeneration without callus induction was recorded on both agar solidified and liquid culture media. However, earlier shoot induction and more mean number of shoots per explant with longer shoots were recorded on liquid culture medium compared to solidified medium. Maximum shoot regeneration frequency from all explants on both culture mediums was obtained at 0.05 mg/L BA. Comparing explant types, 2nd nodal meristem explants gave more number of shoots per explants (16.75 and 204.33 from solid and liquid culture medium), respectively. In vitro regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized in aquariums, and plants can be easily acclimatized at slight acidic to slight alkaline pH levels

Examination of Types of Mathematical Connections that Pre-service Mathematics Teachers Use in Teaching Processes

This study aims to examine the types of mathematical associations that pre-service mathematics teachers use in their teaching processes and their opinions on the mathematical connection. For this purpose, a total of 60 pre-service mathematics teachers made teaching plans related to a learning outcome from the Turkish middle school mathematics curriculum. The research conducted with case study design within the qualitative research methods. Video recordings, field notes and an opinion form were used as data collection tools. The data were analyzed by a content analysis method. Results of the study show that almost all of the pre-service teachers have an understanding of mathematical connections. It was determined that the types of connections between concepts, between different representations and connections with real life were prominent, while the type of association with different disciplines was less common during the teaching processes. Connections were mainly made by giving examples through verbal expressions. These results provide an important perspective on the mathematical connectionskills of pre-service primary mathematics teachers. Suggestions for improving pre-service teachers' mathematical association skills were presented acording to the results of the study

Historical Alfalfa Landraces Perform Higher Yield Under Dry Farming in Turkey

AbstractDrought is a serious abiotic stress affecting crop yield and is an increasingly significant challenge to crop production with the climate change. Cultivars that perform well under limited water are the key for the global food security. One of the main problems for plant breeders is the availability of plant germplasm that could perform well under water limited conditions. There is wealth of wild germplasm adapted to water limited environments but they yield poorly in agricultural systems. However, historical landraces could be the key to counterbalance the yield loses due to increased drought caused by climate change. Alfalfa is a forge legume cultivated throughout the world and affected from drought significantly. USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) has a collection of Turkish alfalfa landraces gathered in second half of the last century. In this study, we evaluated the agronomic performance of a total of 100 historical landraces, wild accessions and modern cultivars in a replicated field trial in two locations in Kars Province of Turkey in order to evaluate the field performance of the accessions under non-irrigated conditions and to compare yield performance of landraces with modern cultivars.The results revealed that when all 100 entries were evaluated, the historical landraces on average perform as high as modern cultivars for the agronomic traits such as total biomass yield and plant height. When the accessions and entries considered separately, the top 20 high yielding accessions were all landraces with a few high performing wild accessions outperforming modern cultivars. The results conclude that historical landraces could directly be used in dry agriculture possess significant alleles for water use efficiency. The outcome of the current study suggests that the evaluation of plant genetic resources, especially historical landraces, under different climate conditions is vital for effective breeding strategies

Optimization of Sterilization and Micropropagation of Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.)

Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) is an important medicinal aquatic plant that is also used for phytoremediation or as bioindicator. It is very difficult to multiply the plant using micropropagation techniques due to high contaminations. The study aimed to alleviate this problem for efficient multiplication of the plant subsequently. The study made use of 60% commercial bleach (5% NaOCl) or 60% H2O2 for surface sterilization for 10 min followed by adding 500 mg/l Duocid® (a wide spectrum antibiotic) in the culture medium. The results showed that commercial bleach was not proper sterliser as all explants bleached; whereas, 60% H2O2 based surface sterilization was most optimum for the purpose. The Surface sterilized plants were in vitro cultured on agar solidified or liquid MS medium containing 0.05-0.40 mg/l kinetin. Cent percent shoot regeneration frequency was on both agar solidified or liquid medium. However, all explants on agar solidified or liquid medium had tenancy to die turning all of them to albino. Therefore, multiplication under ex vitro conditions on liquid MS medium containing 0.05-0.40 mg/l kinetin or BAP using unsterilized shoot meristems without adding sucrose. Subsequently, the explants induced 2.0-40 plantlets per explant on 2.0-3.0 mg/l kinetin or BAP containing culture medium. The plants regenerated on both culture media were comparable with plants growing under natural conditions and did not show any sign of stress causing albinism or necrosis

Importance of Black Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) for Nutrition and Health: Biological Activities

Kara mürver (Sambucus nigra L.) protein, serbest ve konjuge amino asit formları, doymamış yağ asitleri, lif fraksiyonları, vitaminler, antioksidanlar ve mineraller bakımından zengindir. Zengin içeriği sebebiyle günümüzde çok amaçlı gıdalarda ve besin takviyesi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kara mürverin, hem çiçekleri hem de meyveleri geleneksel tıpta profilaktik ve tedavi amaçlı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kara mürver çiçeklerinden elde edilen en önemli polifenol grubu klorojenik asitler ve kumaroilkinik asitlerdir. Fenolik asitler ve flavonoidler açısından oldukça zengindir. Kara mürver yüksek antosiyanin barındırmaktadır. Antosiyoninler doğal antioksidanlardır. Ayrıca antosiyoninler antikanserojen, immün sistem uyarıcı, antialerjik, antibakteriyel ve antiviral özellik gösterirler. Kara mürverin iyileştirici özellikleri güçlü bir antioksidan etki göstermesi ile karakterizedir. Bu durum serbest radikalleri ortadan kaldırabilen ve insan vücudunda olumsuz etkiler gösteren oksidatif stresi önleyebilen fenolik bileşiklerin varlığı ile ilişkilidir. Kara mürverlerin önemli anti-mikrobiyal etkiye sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Kara mürver, hem sağlık hem de hastalık durumunda savunma mekanizmalarını düzenleme etkisi göstermektedir. Bağışıklık sistemi aktivasyonunda ve iltihaplanma sürecinde faydalı olabileceğini bilinmektedir. Kara mürverden elde edilen polifenolik özüt, kalp-damar sağlığı için koruyucu etkilere sahiptir. Bu derleme çalışmasında kara mürverin antioksidan aktivitesi, antikanserojen, antidiüretik, antimikrobiyal ve kardiyovasküler etkileri gibi biyolojik özellikleri sunulmuştur.Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) is rich in protein, free and conjugated forms of amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, fiber fractions, vitamins, antioxidants and minerals. Due to its rich content, it is used in multi-purpose foods and as a nutritional supplement today. Both the flowers and fruits of black elderberry are used in traditional medicine for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. The most important group of polyphenols obtained from black elderberry flowers are chlorogenic acids and coumaroylquinic acids. It is rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids. It contains high anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are natural antioxidants. In addition, anthocyanins show anticarcinogenic, immunostimulating, antiallergic, antibacterial and antiviral properties. The healing properties of black elderberry are characterized by a strong antioxidant effect. This situation is associated with the presence of phenolic compounds, which can eliminate free radicals and prevent oxidative stress, which has negative effects on the human body. It is known to have significant anti-microbial effects. It shows the effect of regulating defense mechanisms in both health and disease states. It is known that it can be beneficial in the activation of the immune system and the inflammation process. Polyphenolic extract from black elderberry has protective effects for cardiovascular health. In this review, the biological properties of elderberry components such as antioxidant active, anticarcinogenic, antidiuretic, antimicrobial and cardiovascular effects are presented

The Effect of Brand Image and Religious Orientation on the Attitudes towards Religious Brand Names: A Study on Youth Consumers

This study examined the effect of religious brand image and religious orientation on the attitudes towards religious brand names and the relationship between religious brand image and religious orientation. The study also investigated whether the participants’ attitudes towards religious brand names varied based on levels of religious orientation. The sample of this study consisted of university students residing in Eskisehir. Data were collected from a sample determined by convenience sampling method due to the constraints of time and cost as well as the difficulty in reaching an updated list of university students residing in Eskisehir. Data were obtained with a questionnaire and the drop-and-collect method after briefing the participants. The findings showed that religious brand image and religious orientation had a positive significant influence on the attitudes towards religious brand names and that in comparison with the participants with lower levels of religious orientation, the participants with higher levels of religious orientation held more positive attitudes towards religious brand names. Finally, a significant relationship was found between religious orientation and the brand image of religious brand names

Assessment of the Relationship between Diabetic Retinopathy and Nailfold Capillaries in Type 2 Diabetics with a Noninvasive Method: Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy

Background and Objectives. Nailfold capillaroscopy is an easy and noninvasive technique used to investigate dermal microvasculature. Traditional investigations of vascularity do not detect changes until they are well-established in type 2 diabetics. The objective of the current study was to evaluate nailfold capillaries in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to determine the association of retinopathy with changes in the nailfold capillaries. Materials and Methods. Capillaroscopic findings by nailfold capillaroscopy and fundoscopic examinations were assessed in 216 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 101 healthy controls included in this prospective study. Results. Retinopathy was detected in 43.05% of diabetic patients (n=93). Capillaroscopic findings including tortuosity (p<0.001), bushy capillary (p<0.001), neoformation (p<0.001), bizarre capillary (p<0.001), microhemorrhage (p=0.001), capillary ectasia (p=0.002), and aneurysm (p=0.004) were significantly higher in diabetic group than control group. In logistic regression analysis, only tortuosity was shown significant (OR, 2.16; p=0.036). There was also a significant relation between diabetes duration and most of the capillaroscopic findings. Conclusion. Capillaroscopic changes were found to be correlated with diabetic retinopathy, in particular with longer disease duration in our study. Capillaroscopic imaging could be a useful new technique for assessment of diabetic microvascular changes

Choroidal Thickness in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Type Dementia

Aim. To asses both choroidal thickness differences among Alzheimer’s type dementia (ATD) patients, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and healthy control (C) subjects and choroidal thickness relationships with cognitive performance. Methods. A total of 246 eyes of 123 people (41 ATD, 38 MCI, and 44 healthy C subjects) were included in this study. Complete ophthalmological and neurological examination was performed in all subjects. Choroidal thicknesses (CT) were measured at seven locations: the fovea, 500-1500-3000 μm temporal and 500-1500-3000 μm nasal to the fovea by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Detailed neurological examination including mini mental state examination (MMSE) test which evaluates the cognitive function was applied to all participants. Results. The ages and genders of all participants were similar in all groups. Compared with healthy C subjects, the CT measurements at all regions were significantly thinner both in patients with ATD and in patients with MCI than in healthy C subjects (p<0.05). The MMSE scores were significantly different among ATD patients, MCI patients, and healthy C subjects. They were 19.3±1.8, 24.8±0.9, and 27.6±1.2 in ATD, MCI, and healthy controls, respectively (p<0.001). There were also significant correlation between MMSE score and choroidal thickness at each location (p<0.05). Conclusions. CT was reduced in ATD patients and MCI patients. Since vascular structures were affected in ATD patients and MCI patients, they had thin CT. Besides CT was correlated with degree of cognitive impairment. Therefore CT may be a new biomarker in diagnosis and follow-up of MCI and ATD patients