Not Available

Not AvailablePhospholipid (PL) constitutes the bilayer of the cell membrane and maintains cellular function like absorption, transportation, assimilation of lipid, eicosanoid synthesis, hormonal actionetc. These functions make PL as an essential nutrient for the larval nutrition of fish and crustacean. Several studies reported that inclusion of PL in the micro diet and enrichment of live foodwith PL improves growth, survival, qualityand immune responses in larvae. Use of PL in plant-based feed showspromising result for fish and shellfish production. Study on use of PL in aquaculture feed showimprovement of gut physiology, digestive enzyme activity, lipid transport, stress handling and enhance immunity through antibacterial and bactericidal effect. Asian catfish like Clarias batrachus, Heteroneustes fossilis etc. whose larval growth and survival is still challenging. Addition of PL in Asian catfish diet might be helpful to improve their survival and growth to promote adequate seed supply.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe present experiment was undertaken to compare digestive, metabolic, antioxidant enzyme activities and immuno-biochemical responses in Labeo rohita fingerlings to some commonly used phytogenic feed additives. Eleven experimental diets were prepared by supplementing fennel, coriander, cumin, fenugreek seed, turmeric, black pepper, peeled ginger, bay leaf, peeled onion bulb or peeled garlic clove meal at 1% inclusion level along with a control diet. Four hundred and ninety-five fingerlings (average weight 6.45?0.01 g) were distributed randomly in eleven experimental groups in triplicates with a stocking density of 15 fish per tank (400 l of water). Turmeric, garlic or ginger meals appeared to be more effective than onion, fenugreek, cumin, coriander, fennel, black pepper and bay leaf meals for enhancing digestive, metabolic, antioxidant enzyme activities and innate immune functions. The physio-metabolic effects of phytogenic feed additives tested in Labeo rohita fingerlings were in the order of turmeric > garlic > ginger > onion > fenugreek > cumin > coriander > fennel > black pepper > bay leaf meal. The enhanced digestive and metabolic enzyme activities, antioxidant function, glucose homeostasis and improved innate immune function through modulation of the haemato-biochemical profile of Labeo rohita due to feeding of specific functional compounds present in turmeric, ginger and garlic meals compare to other phytogenic additives.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableA 60-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) on growth, metabolism and growth-related gene expression in genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT), Oreochromis niloticus juveniles reared in low inland saline water (ISW) of 5 g/l salinity. Three hundred and fifteen fish (initial weight 2.68 ± 0.01 g) were distributed (15 fish/tank in triplicates) in seven experimental groups (20–50% CP with 5% increment) following completely randomized design (CRD) and fed with seven isolipidic (6%), isoenergetic (16.74 MJ digestible energy/kg) and hetero-nitrogenous (20–50 % CP) purified diets, respectively. Results showed inverse relation between percent weight gain (WG%) and feed conversion ratio which were significantly (p < 0.05) varied in overall, linearly and quadratically due to varying dietary CP. Overall and linear trend of protein efficiency ratio and overall, linear and quadratic trend of apparent net protein utilisation were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased with increasing dietary CP. Overall, linear and quadratic trend of whole body CP along with overall and quadratic trend of whole body lipid contents were significantly (p < 0.05) increased and decreased, respectively with increasing dietary CP up to 35 % and then decreased further. Whereas, overall, linear and quadratic trend of whole body ash content was increased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing dietary CP. Overall and quadratic trend of protease activity in 30–45 % CP fed groups was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than 20 and 50 % CP fed groups; but overall and linear trend of amylase activity in 20 in 20-25 % CP fed groups was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than 35–50 % fed groups. Overall, linear and quadratic trend of hepatic glutamate pyruvate transaminase activity in 40 % CP fed group was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of 20-25 and 45–50 % CP fed groups and similar to 30–35 % CP fed groups. However, these trends of hepatic lactate dehy- drogenase activity of 40–45 % CP fed groups was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than 20–30 % fed groups and similar to 35 and 50 % CP fed groups. Whereas, overall, linear and quadratic trend of hepatic malate dehydrogenase in 35 % fed group was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than 20–30 % CP fed groups and similar to other groups. The hepatic insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor expression showed high correlation (r=0.92 and 0.90, respectively) with WG%. The optimum dietary protein requirement of GIFT juveniles at 5 g/l salinity in ISW was found to be 34.53–38.10% based on both broken-line linear and second-order polynomial regression with respect to WG% and hepatic IGF-1 expression.Not Availabl

NONOates-Polyethylenimine Hydrogel for Controlled Nitric Oxide Release and Cell Proliferation Modulation

In recent years, numerous research activities have been devoted to the controlled release of nitric oxide (NO) due to its potential as a restenosis inhibitor which inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells, and aggregation of platelets. This work has demonstrated the development of a novel NO-conjugated gel system comprising of thermosensitive Pluronic F127, branched polyethylenimine (BPEI), and diazeniumdiolates (NONOates). Synthesis of conjugated Pluronic-BPEI-NONOates involved coupling of activated F127 to BPEI followed by the installation of NONOates at the secondary amine sites of branched PEI backbone under high pressure. NO-conjugated gel system, F127-BPEI-NONOates, reduced the initial burst of NO release and prolonged NO release. Furthermore, F127-BPEI-NONOates polymer coated on cell culture dish displayed much higher increase of endothelial cell proliferation and reduction of smooth muscle cell proliferation than that exhibited by non-NO releasing control. Such an NO-releasing device can operate locally and has a great potential in several biomedical applications due to high biocompatibility imparted by the conjugated F127.X113331sciescopu

Poly(norepinephrine): Ultrasmooth Material-Independent Surface Chemistry and Nanodepot for Nitric Oxide

X119584sciescopu