21 research outputs found
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Application of passive seismic to the detection of buried hollows
Pilot studies involving the use of passive seismic techniques in a range of geological settings and
applications, e.g., mapping bedrock, studies of soil erosion and Quaternary mapping have shown that it
is a versatile, non-invasive and economic technique. This paper presents the findings of three case studies
that trialled the use of passive seismic techniques for the detection and characterisation of buried hollows
in carbonate rocks, comprising: i) a buried hollow in the Cretaceous Chalk at Ashford Hill in the Kennet
Valley, a tributary of the River Thames, UK; ii) buried karst in the foundation excavations for wind turbines in Carboniferous Limestone at Brassington, Wirksworth, Derbyshire, UK, and iii) defining the extent of solution hollows that host terrestrial Miocene deposits, near Friden, Newhaven, Derbyshire, UK. Whilst case studies ii) and iii) are focused on areas of buried dolines, the geological context of the Ashford
Hill site is more complex; comprising a deformation hollow with an uplifted âpinnacleâ of chalk bedrock at
the centre. The data were collected using a (Tromino), a three-component, broadband seismometer to measure background ambient noise (microtremors induced by wind, ocean waves, industrial machinery, road and rail traffic, etc.). The Tromino is small, portable with an operating range of 0.1 Hz to 1,024 Hz and interpreted using proprietary software (Grilla), which subjects the data to Fourier transformation and smoothing. Where possible, estimated shear wave velocities used in the
Grilla Software modelling, based on peaks identified on the H/V spectrum, have been calibrated using borehole data or parallel geophysical techniques. In each case, the karst features were defined by Nakamuraâs
horizontal to vertical (H/V) spectral ratio technique, where microtremors are converted to show impedance
contrasts (velocity x density), or a pseudo layered seismic stratigraphy of the near surface along each
profile. An additional benefit of the use of this technique is its depth of penetration and potential for defining the
structural and lithological context of the hollows, thereby contributing to the process understanding associated with their formation. To this end the technique has helped define discontinuity (fault, joint or bedding) guidance of the hollows.S. Castellaro, Mrs J. Renwick, West Coast Energy Ltd (GDF Suez), Mr Roger Durrant (Raymond Brown Construction Ltd
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Neuropsychological profile of patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus and Alzheimer's disease
RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1.
In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field
Response: tracheostomy associated complications with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
hydrocephalus and Alzheimer's disease
<supplement> <title> <p>48th Annual Meeting of the Society for Research into Hydrocephalus and Spina Bifida</p> </title> <note>Meeting abstracts</note> </supplement> Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a potentially treatable neurological disorder if diagnosed accurately and early. If misdiagnosed, or left untreated, the pattern is one of continuing physical and cognitive decline, which becomes increasingly irreversible as more diffuse brain damage is caused. Cognitive profiling is a technique, which can aid early and accurate detection of NPH. This paper presents the results of two studies showing specific contrasting patterns of neuropsychological dysfunction in subgroups of patients with either early or late stage NPH with patients either in the prodromal stages (mild cognitive impairment) or later stages of Alzheimer's disease. The results demonstrate that there are differential patterns that can be observed in patients with NPH, whic