EFFECT OF JAVANESE TURMERIC ETHANOL EXTRACT ON THE ERADICATION OF CANDIDA ALBICANS BIOFILMS IN EARLY, INTERMEDIATE, AND MATURATION PHASES

Objectives: The aim of this research was to observe the effect of Javanese turmeric ethanol extract (JTEE) on the eradication of Candida albicans invarious phases of biofilm development.Methods: C. albicans biofilms were exposed to JTEE at a concentration 1–45% for 1 h. Cell viability was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the wavelength was read at 570 nm.Results: The results showed that the 50% minimal biofilm eradication concentration was 30% in the early phase, 20% in the intermediate phase, and25% in the maturation phase of the biofilm. The eradication percentage increased along with increasing JTEE concentration, but decreased with theage of the biofilm.Conclusion: We concluded that JTEE has the potential to eradicate C. albicans biofilms in various phases of development

THE POTENCY OF JAVANESE TURMERIC (CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ROXB.) ETHANOL EXTRACT TO ERADICATE WILD STRAIN CANDIDA ALBICANS BIOFILM

Objective: The pathogenic yeast Candida albicans forms biofilm to increase its resistance toward antifungal agents. Javanese turmeric is an Indonesianmedicinal plant reported to have antifungal effects due to the active component, xanthorrhizol. The objective of this study was to measure the in vitropotential of Javanese turmeric ethanol extract to eradicate C. albicans biofilm.Methods: C. albicans was exposed to Javanese turmeric ethanol extract for 1 h during biofilm formation phases. MTT assay was used to test thepercentage of biofilm eradication.Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of Javanese turmeric ethanol extract against planktonicC. albicans were 15%. The minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC50) was 25% in the early phase and 15% in the intermediate andmaturation phases.Conclusions: Javanese turmeric ethanol extract is effective at eradicating clinical isolate of C. albicans biofilm

EFFECT OF VEILLONELLA INFANTIUM ON BIOFILM FORMATION OF ORAL STREPTOCOCCUS

Objective: Therefore, we aimed in this study to evaluate the effect of Veillonella infantium on the biofilm formation of oral Streptococcus species.Methods: Dual-species biofilm was formed between V. infantium and oral Streptococcus using the wire method, and it was then incubated at 37°C underanaerobic condition for 5 days. Biofilm formation was determined by measuring the DNA concentration. Single species biofilm of oral Streptococcuswas generated under the same conditions and was used as a control group.Result: The presence of V. infantium decreased the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans, where, in contrast, the formation of biofilm inStreptococcus sanguinis was increased by the presence of V. infantium (p<0.05).Conclusion: The presence of V. infantium decreased the biofilm formation of S. mutans

TREPONEMA DENTICOLA AND PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS AS BIOINDICATOR ORAL HYGIENE STATUS AND ORGANOLEPTIC SCORE IN MOUTH BREATHING CHILDREN

Objective: Mouth breathing is a bad habit that has several impacts on dentocraniofacial growth and development in children. It also related to anotheroral cavity condition, such as poor oral hygiene and halitosis. Halitosis is caused by an anaerobic bacteria product such as Treponema denticola andPorphyromonas gingivalis. These bacteria are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that play a significant role to halitosis occurrence. The objective of thisstudy is to determine the prevalence of T. denticola and P. gingivalis as bioindicator in mouth breathing children.Methods: A total number of 60 subjects had a mouth breathing test (19 subjects diagnosed as mouth breathers and 41 subjects as nose breathers).Then, the subjects were classified into halitosis and oral hygiene status category. Identification of T. denticola and P. gingivalis in supragingival plaqueand buccal mucosa subjects was used a conventional polymerase chain reaction method.Results: The correlation between Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified and organoleptic score in mouth breathers has positive correlation (r=0.001), inthe contrary, in nose breathers, it has negative correlation (r=−0.046). Meanwhile, the prevalence of T. denticola and P. gingivalis in mouth and nosebreathers has no significant differences. Moreover, the significance value of prevalence T. denticola and P. gingivalis based on clinical parametershalitosis and oral hygiene status has no differences.Conclusion: The prevalence of T. denticola and P. gingivalis cannot be used as bioindicator in mouth breathers

BIOFILM FORMATION OF CANDIDA ALBICANS EXPOSED TO ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PROPOLIS

Objective: Propolis extract showed an excellent in vitro performance against yeast and was additionally found to be fungistatic and fungicidal. Propolisextract is also used for treatment and prevention of fungal infections. However, its effectiveness against Candida albicans biofilm formation requiresinvestigation. The study evaluated the ability of propolis to inhibit C. albicans while the fungus is growing as a biofilm in vitro.Methods: Two reference strains, C. albicans ATCC 25923 and a clinical strain (laboratory stock), were used in this study. For the biofilm experiment,the fungi were cultured in Tryptic Soy Broth medium with 1% sucrose and incubated at 37°C for 24 h, and different concentrations of ethanol extractof propolis were used as the inhibitor agents. Biofilm assays were performed in 96-well microtiter plates, quantification of the total biofilm biomasswas performed using a crystal violet staining method, and the Student’s t-test was chosen for statistical analyses.Results: Our data showed that 3 h incubation with propolis did not affect the biomass in the experimental group compared to the control. When theincubation time was extended to 18 h, the biomass increased significantly compared to the control.Conclusion: This study showed that several concentrations of propolis did not inhibit biofilm. However, in each incubation time, we observed nohyphal morphology in the biofilm mass. Propolis might attenuate the opportunistic virulence of fungus growing as a biofilm in vitro. Further studiesare necessary to confirm this phenomenon

The Effect of Presto Cooker as an Alternative Sterilizer Device for Standard Dental Equipment

  Introduction: In the suburb area of Indonesia, autoclaves as a sterilizer could not been used optimally due to inadequate electrical capacity. An alternative sterilizer such as a pressure cooker (presto) have been choosen because it has same principle as an autoclave, but it doesn’t required the electrical supply. Nevertheless, the procedure of presto in dentistry remain unclear.   Objective: To obtain a standard procedure by using presto for dental instrument.   Methods: The effect of presto was observed on aerobic (S. aureus ATCC 25923T), facultative anaerobes (S. mutans ATCC 25175T), anaerobes (P. gingivalis ATCC 33277T) and yeasts (C. albicans ATCC 10231T) which are exposed to the dental mirror. Each dental mirror (triplo) was dipped for 3 minutes on media containing bacteria (106 bacteria/ mL). Furthermore, the dental mirrors were cooked at presto (MAXIM, 7 L, Indonesia) which contained 500 mL of water, for 15, 30 and 45 minutes. Bacterial growth analysis were observed visually and microscopically after Gram staining.   Results: In the S. aureus ATCC 25923T and C. albicans ATCC 10231T groups, up to 30 minutes the color of the media showed cloudy but remained clear when sterilized for 45 minutes. Likewise, these groups showed appereance of bacterial growth for 15-30 minutes but didn’t appear to grow in 45 minutes. While in the S. mutans ATCC 25175T and P. gingivalis ATCC 33277T groups, up to 15 minutes the color of the media showed cloudy but remained clear after being sterilized for 30 minutes. In addition, these groups showed appereance of bacterial growth for 15 minutes but absence in 30-45 minutes.   Conclusion: Presto can be used as one of alternative equipment to sterilize dental instrument, effectively. The optimal killing time of bacteria and yeast was 45 minutes