THE ECOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION THROUGH AFFORESTATION WORKS ON THE RUNCURELUL DUMP HAVING THE AREA OF 27 HA

In recent decades, surface mining operations, especially in the mining basin of Oltenia, have developed a lot and as a result there have been large areas with degraded land and tailings dumps whose ecological reconstruction has been and is a topical issue.The Runcurelu Dump is located within the Jilț Quarry, the territory of commune Mătăsari, more precisely in the Runcurelu meadow and is free of technological tasks. The spontaneous vegetation settled quite well, especially on the first plateau. Because the piled material was deposited in a completely random way, the surface of the perimeter is largely uneven, especially on the two slopes that border the plateaus. On the slope the slope is large and complex, ranging between 25-35% and over.From a geological point of view, the studied perimeter is very complex, belonging to both the Pliocene (Levantine) and the beginning of the Quaternary and Dacian (sands).Lithologically, it is represented by various inhomogeneously mixed geological materials. Following the coal mining process, respectively the dump process, the geological deposits of a great diversity were brought up to date and mixed very heterogeneously.The diversity of dumped materials is observed both chemically and physically. In this dump are alternately deposited all sorts of materials, from clays, marls, to sands with smaller or larger coal fragments

ECOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION THROUGH AFFORESTATION WORKS OF THE JILT DUMP HAVING AN AREA OF 10 HA, LOCATED IN THE MIDDLE BASIN OF JILT RESULTED THROUGH SURFACE MINING

Through the research undertaken on the present subject it aimed the scientific groundwork of the ecological reconstruction of the dump resulted through surface minings located in the middle basin of Jilt and the choice of afforestation  technical solutions  using the forest vegetation. This scientific groundwork  follows the way to achieve the dumps and their current  morphology, as well as the mineralogical and  particle size, physical, hydrophysical and chemical composition of these dumps, factors underlying the characteristics of the composed technosoils and the choice of the species, formulae and of the afforestation schemata. Also, the groundwork aims the harmonization of the ecological requirements of the used wood species with the dump soil characteristics.The preparation technology of the dumps in order to afforestation is relatively simple and it requires  a rest period after the release from the technological changes, to strengthening and stabilization, followed by a microlevelling and then the artificial ingrass on the sectors  where it was not naturally installed. To establish the species used in afforestation  works  and the way of installation of the forest vegetation on the taken dumps, it were taken into account aspects specific to the site conditions.Forest promotes the storage of water on slopes, by preventing the formation of the surface runoffs and  of the flood waters, following the heavy rains and the snowmelt, thus counteracting the flood phenomena and soil erosion. The establishment of the forest plantations aims the slope stabilization and the development of some forests with multiple role: the protection of the environment by regulating the climate and the hydrological regime and by creating parks and recreation places of favorable habitats for wildlife and protective role.Outstanding results on afforestation of the Jilt dump presented: sea buckthorn, black locust, poplar and walnut, these species will be used for the stabilization of the future dumps.Less well results presented species of Quercus (sessile oak, Turkey oak, pedunculate oak, red oak), pine, hazel

THE USE OF DRONES AND SENSORS IN AGRICULTURE

This paper presents the possibilities and benefits of using drones in agriculture, especially in precision agriculture. In the first part of the paper, basic notions regarding drones in the agricultural context, legislative and flight safety aspects are presented, defined and clarified. In the second part of the paper, the most used sensors in agriculture are introduced, the benefits and the main stages of using drones in agriculture are presented, related to the life span of a crop and the duration of the agricultural year. This paper encourages and justifies the use of drones both in current agricultural operations and by applying photogrammetric methods and generating digital products such as orthophoto plans, thematic maps and digital terrain models

RERESEARCH ON HUMUS CONTENT CHANGE ON BOHORELU DUMP, WITHIN THE MINING CARRER SOUTH JILT

The success of the ecological reconstruction of the dumps by plantation of forest species is strongly influenced by the chemical properties of the stockpiled material, that the content of humus, total nitrogen, flying phosphorus and flying potassium, as well as of the reaction of the soil and of the base saturation degree.In this respect the following is the humus content of the stockpiled material from the soil elevations carried on the Bohorelu dump.The analysis of the chemical properties shown in Figure number 1 shows that the content of organic matter (humus) decreases from surface to depth in all analised elevations. In the six secondary profiles on the slopes, the organic matter  proportion varies from the very small to small, in the first three elevations and medium in the following two.The total spare of humus  and organic matter on the total depth of the 50 cm has values of less than 30 t/ha.Consequently the providing with the total nitrogen is very low in all analised elevations.On the Bohorelu dumps, both on stabilized and not covered with afforestation works dump surfaces and afforested dumps, were carried on six soil elevations

Corruption, deforestation, and tourism – Europe case study

Wood represents one of the most used natural resources: from construction to musical instruments, tools, toys, fuel, shipbuilding, and, not to mention, stationery, as it is indispensable for modern society. Europe has important wood resources, but for some countries, their sustainable exploitation is at least questionable. However, other countries prefer to monetize their natural resources by developing a competitive tourism industry. In this study, an analysis of European countries in terms of corruption, deforestation, and tourism is undertaken, in order to approach and discuss the specific characteristics and to identify the factors that determine a country to manage its natural resources in a sustainable way. The methodology used is quantitative, employing secondary data, resulting in different ways of data visualization. The main finding is that low levels of corruption and high levels of tourism competitiveness are associated with countries that manage their forests in a sustainable way. This confirms the research question: Competitive European destinations that enjoy the presence of well-established sustainable tourism products have managed to reduce the level of corruption and implement developed environmental policies, including forestland protection. The practical outcome of this paper is to point towards a long-term solution to decrease deforestation. In summary, sustainable development of the tourism sector must be part of the long-term initiatives to reduce the levels of illegal deforestation