A dark scenario for Cerrado plant species: effects of future climate, land-use, and protected areas ineffectiveness

Aim: The anthropogenic climate change and land-use change are considered two of the main factors that are altering biodiversity at the global scale. An evaluation that combined both factors can be relevant to detect which species could be the most vulnerable and reveal the regions of highest stability or susceptibility to biodiversity.We aimed to (i) assess the effect of the climate change and land-use on the distribution of the Cerrado plant species for different countries where it occurs, (ii) evaluate the efficiency of the current protected areas (PAs) network to safeguards species under different greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and land-use and (iii) estimate the vulnerability of species caused by protection efficiency and habitat loss.Location: Bolivia, Brazil, and ParaguayMethods: We modeled the distribution of 1,553 plant species of Cerrado and evaluated species range loss caused by present and future land-use and two GHG for 2050 and 2080. We assessed the species vulnerability combining the representativeness of a species´ distribution within conservation units and the loss of species range outside PAs.Results: We found that climate change and land-use will cause great damage to Cerrado flora by 2050 and 2080, even under optimistic conditions. Unfortunately, the greatest intensity and extent of land-use will have to overcome on the regions where the greatest richness will be harbored. The conservation of the species will be seriously affected since the PAs network is not as efficient in safeguarding them under current or future conditions. Main conclusions: The low level of protection together with the losses caused by the advance of the agricultural frontier will lead to most species being highly vulnerable. Due to the climate and land-use, effects showed different interactions in each country, conservation strategies should be implemented at transboundary and national levels.Fil: Velazco, Santiago José Elías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; Argentina. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: Villalobos, Fabricio. Instituto de Ecología; México. Universidade Federal de Goiás; BrasilFil: Galvao, Franklin. Universidade Federal do Paraná; BrasilFil: de Marco Junior, Paulo. Universidade Federal de Goiás; Brasi

Comparative study between wet and dry etching of silicon for microchannels fabrication

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOIn this work we present a comparative study of two processes for the fabrication of an array of microchannels for microfluidics applications, based on integrated-circuit technology process steps, such as lithography and dry etching. Two different methods were investigated in order to study the resulting microstructures: wet and dry deep etching of silicon substrate. The typical etching depth necessary to the target application is 50 mu m.1093015FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO2016/09509-112. Conference on Advanced Fabrication Technologies for Micro/Nano Optics and Photonics3 a 5 de Fevereiro de 2019San Francisco, CA, Estados UnidosSPIE; Nanoscribe Gmb

Cultivo intercalar antecipado de milho segunda safra nas entrelinhas da soja - Antecipe: resultados do ano agrícola 2021/22 em Rio Verde/GO.

Para o ano 2021/22, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a implantação de 2 sistemas de semeadura do milho nas características agronômicas e na produtividade de milho segunda safra, assim como a produtividade de grãos e o retorno econômico do sistema Antecipe nos trabalhos conduzidos pela Embrapa Milho e Sorgo e COMIGO ao longo do desenvolvimento desta tecnologia na região de Rio Verde/GO.2a safra 2021/2022

A review of techniques for spatial modeling in geographical, conservation and landscape genetics

Most evolutionary processes occur in a spatial context and several spatial analysis techniques have been employed in an exploratory context. However, the existence of autocorrelation can also perturb significance tests when data is analyzed using standard correlation and regression techniques on modeling genetic data as a function of explanatory variables. In this case, more complex models incorporating the effects of autocorrelation must be used. Here we review those models and compared their relative performances in a simple simulation, in which spatial patterns in allele frequencies were generated by a balance between random variation within populations and spatially-structured gene flow. Notwithstanding the somewhat idiosyncratic behavior of the techniques evaluated, it is clear that spatial autocorrelation affects Type I errors and that standard linear regression does not provide minimum variance estimators. Due to its flexibility, we stress that principal coordinate of neighbor matrices (PCNM) and related eigenvector mapping techniques seem to be the best approaches to spatial regression. In general, we hope that our review of commonly used spatial regression techniques in biology and ecology may aid population geneticists towards providing better explanations for population structures dealing with more complex regression problems throughout geographic space

Obtenção e difusão de cultivares de arroz irrigado para o estado de Goiás: relatório técnico 2002/2003 a 2004/2005.

Introdução; Objetivo; Equipe do projeto; Atividades de pesquisa; Ano agrícola 2002/03; Ano agrícola 2003/04; Ano agrícola 2004/05; Lançamento de cultivares; Atividades de difusão de tecnologia; Considerações gerais.bitstream/CNPAF/25047/1/doc_183.pd

Exploring the long-term associations between adolescents’ music training and academic achievement

There is a positive relationship between learning music and academic achievement, although doubts remain regarding the mechanisms underlying this association. This research analyses the academic performance of music and non-music students from seventh to ninth grade. The study controls for socioeconomic status, intelligence, motivation and prior academic achievement. Data were collected from 110 adolescents at two time points, once when the students were between 11 and 14 years old in the seventh grade, and again 3 years later. Our results show that music students perform better academically than non-music students in the seventh grade (Cohen’s d = 0.88) and in the ninth grade (Cohen’s d = 1.05). This difference is particularly evident in their scores in Portuguese language and natural science; the difference is somewhat weaker in history and geography scores, and is least pronounced in mathematics and English scores (η2p from .09 to .21). A longitudinal analysis also revealed better academic performance by music students after controlling for prior academic achievement (η2p = .07). Furthermore, controlling for intelligence, socioeconomic status and motivation did not eliminate the positive association between music learning from the seventh to the ninth grade and students’ academic achievement (η2p = .06). During the period, music students maintained better and more consistent academic standing. We conclude that, after controlling for intelligence, socioeconomic status and motivation, music training is positively associated with academic achievement.This research was funded by the Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia)

Hybrid quantum circuit with a superconducting qubit coupled to a spin ensemble

We report the experimental realization of a hybrid quantum circuit combining a superconducting qubit and an ensemble of electronic spins. The qubit, of the transmon type, is coherently coupled to the spin ensemble consisting of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in a diamond crystal via a frequency-tunable superconducting resonator acting as a quantum bus. Using this circuit, we prepare arbitrary superpositions of the qubit states that we store into collective excitations of the spin ensemble and retrieve back later on into the qubit. These results constitute a first proof of concept of spin-ensemble based quantum memory for superconducting qubits.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, plus supplementary informatio

Capital familiar, rendimento e atitude face a língua portuguesa em alunos do 2º e 3º ciclo do ensino básico

A literatura refere que entre as diferentes funções básicas realizadas pela família, esta tem também o dever de assegurar que os valores da sociedade, as crenças, as atitudes, os conhecimentos, as habilidades serão transmitidos à geração mais nova. As caraterísticas do contexto familiar têm sido consideradas como variáveis com importante influência no rendimento escolar. Assim, o presente trabalho pretende avaliar a relação entre covariáveis do contexto familiar, o rendimento e a atitude face a aprendizagem da Língua Portuguesa dos alunos de 2º e 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico de escolas portuguesas. Participam no estudo 891 alunos de ambos os sexos, com idades compreendidas entre os 10 e os 18 anos. Para a análise dos dados utilizam-se os resultados das avaliações finais na disciplina de Língua Portuguesa no ano letivo 2011/12 e os dados do Questionário de Variáveis Contextuais e do Questionário de Atitudes Face à Língua Portuguesa. Os resultados preliminares, ainda em estudo, revelam, desde já, a importância de compreendermos as atitudes face a aprendizagem da Língua Portuguesa também como resultado das particularidades do contexto familiar