Determination of bioanalytical parameters for the standardization of Abroma augusta

AbstractObjectiveTo set the analytical parameters for simultaneous determination of different phytochemicals present in the Abroma augusta (A. augusta).MethodsDifferent phytochemical test including total phenol and total flavonoid content were carried out in the present investigation. Further, a rapid and simple high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Moreover antimicrobial study was also performed in the present investigation to know the presence of biological contamination.ResultsPreliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of glycoside, alkaloid, carbohydrate and steroid in the A. augusta. Total phenol and total flavonoid content were found to be 0.29% and 0.50% w/w respectively. All tested microorganism in the A. augusta extract were found to be under the limit. Chloroform: methanol: acetic acid: H2O (170:25:25:4) was used as a solvent system for the qualitative and quantitative analysis through HPTLC Method. HPTLC analysis revealed 1.87 % w/w of linoleic acid in the A. augusta extract.ConclusionsResults showed that the selected parameters in the present investigation would set the new standards for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of A. augusta

Development and optimization of bioanalytical parameters for the standardization of Trigonella foenum–graecum

Objective: To develop a novel qualitative and quantitative method, which can pave the way for rapid and selective determination of different constituents of Trigonella foenum–graecum (T. foenum–graecum). Methods: Phytochemical analysis, solubility test, heavy metal analysis, antimicrobial study and quantitative analysis through HPTLC techniques were performed in the present investigation. Results: Phytochemical analysis showed to contain alkaloid, saponin, tannin, flavonoid, steroid, triterpenoid, glycoside and protein. pH of the 1% solution was found to be 5.65, loss on drying was 4.5%, total ash, solubility in water and in 50% alcohol was 7.11%, 81.00% and 84.25% respectively. Total flavonoid and total phenol content were found to be 1.8% and 0.60% (w/w). Level of different heavy metals and microorganisms were found to be under the limit. Content of quercetin and rutin in the T. foenum–graecum were found to be 0.879% (w/w) and 0.417% (w/w) respectively. Conclusions: In the future, these phytochemical parameters could be used as an important tool for the standardization of T. foenum–graecum

Development of bioanalytical parameters for the standardization of Zingiber officinale

Objective: To develop noval bioanalytical parameters for standardization of Zingiber officinale (Z. officinale) extract. Methods: Phytochemical analysis, solubility test, heavy metal analysis, antimicrobial study and fingerprint analysis through HPTLC method were carried out in the present investigation. Moreover quantitative analysis of rutin and quercetin in Z. officinale extract through HPTLC techniques were also performed in the present investigation. Results: Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, tannin, steroid, triterpenoid, glycoside, triterpenoid, saponin, flavonoid, amino acid and protein. The total phenol and flavonoid content were found to be 0.59% and 4.50%. For quantitative analysis through HPTLC techniques, optimization of solvent system was done and the content of quercetin and rutin in the extract was found to be 3.22% (w/w) and 0.65% (w/w) respectively. Conclusions: These above mentioned parameters can be used as an important tool for the standardization of Z. officinale extract

Perspective Chapter: Microemulsion as a Game Changer to Conquer Cancer with an Emphasis on Herbal Compounds

Microemulsions are lipid based drug delivery system consisting of oil, water, surfactant and often a co-surfactant. They are prepared in order to deliver the drug in an effective manner so as to obtain the desired therapeutic activity. Compared to other conventional therapy, they can deliver the drug in an efficient manner because of their characteristics like reduced particles size, lipid based drug delivery system, thermodynamic stability and economical scale up. Anti-cancer drugs can be easily incorporated into microemulsion so as to target the cancer cells. This helps in increasing the solubility, permeability and absorption of the poorly soluble and poorly permeable drugs, thereby helping in enhancing the bioavailability of the drug. In this chapter, we are also focusing on the herbal based formulations that will be helpful in effectively fighting against cancer cells with less or no side effects. A light has also been shed on the advantages and disadvantages of the microemulsions that will be helpful in considering them as an effective model to conquer cancer and promote the same in the upcoming years

Development of quality control parameters for the standardization of gymnema sylvestre

Objective: To develop a novel qualitative and quantitative technique, which can pave the way for rapid and selective determination of different phytoconstituents of Gymnema sylvestre (G. sylvestre). Methods: Phytochemical test, TLC analysis, solubility study, total phenol and flavonoid content and antimicrobial study were performed in the present investigation. Fingerprint analysis and quantitative analysis of quercetin were also performed through hptlc method. Results: Alkaloid, saponin, tannin, triterpenoid and flavonoid were found to be present in the G. sylvestre extract. Solubility in water and alcohal, moisture content and gymnemic acid content were found to be 86.36%, 88.24%, 4.20%, and 26.24% w/w. total phenol and flavonoid content were found to be 0.80% and 1.90%. Microbiological assay showed that E. coli and salmonella were found to be absent whereas total bacterial count and yeast & moulds contents were found to be 650 and 60 cfu/g. quantitative analysis through hptlc revealed the presence of 2.95% w/w of quercetin. Conclusions: In future this study will be helpful for the quantitative analysis of phytoconstituents as well as standardization of the G. sylvestre

Development of bioanalytical parameters for standardization of Terminalia arjuna

Objective: To develop a noval bioanalytical parameters for standardization of Terminalia arjuna (T. arjuna) extract. Methods: In the present investigation, parameters such as preliminary phytochemical analysis, total phenol, flavonoid, tannin content, solubility test, heavy metal analysis, antimicrobial study and quantitative analysis by HPTLC method were performed in order to standardization. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, tannin, steroid, triterpenoid, glycoside, saponin, flavonoid, amino acid and protein. Loss on drying and solubily in water was found to be 5.04% and 81.10%. Total flavonoid and phenol content was found to be 10.4% and 0.44%. Total tannin content was found to be 24.8%. The content of quercetin and rutin in T. arjuna was found to be 1.08%w/w and 0.16%w/w respectively. Further the level of heavy metal and microrganism were found to be under the limit. Conclusions: These bioanalytical parameters can be used as an important tool for the food scientists, researchers and even the consumers for its standards