Cent scientifiques répliquent à SEA (Suppression des Expériences sur l’Animal vivant) et dénoncent sa désinformation

La lutte contre la maltraitance animale est sans conteste une cause moralement juste. Mais elle ne justifie en rien la désinformation à laquelle certaines associations qui s’en réclament ont recours pour remettre en question l’usage de l’expérimentation animale en recherche

Long-term functional and radiological outcome after AC Tightrope® fixation in patients with acute Rockwood type III-VI acromioclavicular joint dislocation

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome after a single AC TightRope® fixation in patients with an acute Rockwood type III-VI AC joint dislocation.Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent AC TightRope® fixation for an acute Rockwood type III-VI AC joint dislocation. During follow up functional outcome was assessed using the Constant Shoulder Score (SSC) and the UCLA Shoulder Rating Scale. A standard anteroposterior x-ray of both the operated and the contralateral shoulder was performed. The coracoclavicular (CC) distance was measured and compared with the day 1 postoperative x-ray.Results. Twenty-nine patients participated the study. Mean follow up time after surgery was 43,4 months. Clinically the results were excellent: The mean Constant Shoulder score was 91, the mean UCLA score was 33. Radiologically some secondary loss of reduction was seen. Following radiological findings were seen: Clavicular tunnel widening, coracoclavicular calcifications, and osteolysis at the clavicular button site.Conclusion: Patients treated with a mini-open single AC TightRope® fixation had excellent long-term functional outcomes

Exogenously administered substance P and neutral endopeptidase inhibitors stimulate fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis and collagen organization during Achilles tendon healing

Background: In the last few years much research has been conducted in methods to promote tendon healing. The aim of this study was to determine if the healing process after operative repair of rat Achilles tendons could be stimulated by the paratendinous injection of a sensory peptide, substance P (SP). Methods: Ninety-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to four groups: (I) control buffer injections, (II) injections of SP 10(-6) mol/kg body weight combined with a carrier, (III) injections of SP 10(-8) mol/kg BW with the carrier, and (IV) injections with the carrier only (thiorphan 1 mu mol/kg BW and captopril 30 mu mol/kg BW, both neutral endopeptidase inhibitors). The influence on tissue repair was determined from the histologic measurement of fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and collagen organization. On days 7, 14, 28 and 42, animals were sacrificed and histologic evaluations were performed on the injured Achilles tendon constructs. Results: The two groups subjected to SP injections showed a significant initial fibroblast proliferation on day 7 (p < 0.05), which rapidly declined by day 14 to the level of cellular proliferation observed with the use of thiorphan and captopril. Capillary proliferation showed a similar evolution, except that in the second week angiogenesis in the treated groups was below the level of the control group. Strikingly, collagen orientation increased faster in the groups injected with SP. This was obvious from the second week already and the difference remained until the completion of the study. Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate that paratendinous injections of SP after operative repair of the Achilles tendon in rats appears to provide a boost to the initial stages of healing and significantly accelerate the reparative phase of the healing process

Normal and transplanted lateral knee menisci: evaluation of extrusion using magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound

The aim of the study is to develop a clinically useful and reproducible method for evaluating lateral meniscal extrusion in normal and transplanted knees under different axial loading conditions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) were used to assess meniscal extrusion. Both types of imaging were performed at least 6 months postoperatively (mean 23.5 months). Coronal MR images (DESS-3D sequence) of the lateral compartments of 10 normal knees and 17 transplanted lateral knees were analyzed. Extrusion was defined as the distance measured from the femoral condyle or tibial plateau to the outer edge of the meniscus. Subjects were examined in the supine position. Ultrasound print-outs of the lateral compartment of both knees of ten patients (transplanted side and contralateral normal side) were analyzed. Extrusion cross-sectional area (CSA) and distance were measured just anterior to the lateral collateral ligament: the former was defined as the CSA of the meniscus outside the knee, the latter as the greatest distance from a line connecting the femur and tibia to the outer edge of the lateral meniscus. Patients were examined in the supine position, bipodal stance and unipodal stance. The viable meniscal allograft was securely sutured to a bleeding functional meniscal rim. No bone blocks were used to fix the allograft; instead, the anterior and posterior horn were firmly sutured to their enthesis. The MRI results (tibial) show the transplanted lateral meniscus to be significantly (p<0.005) more extruded in comparison to the normal lateral meniscus. The anterior horn (mean 5.8 mm, SD=2.8) of the transplanted lateral meniscus tends to be more extruded than the posterior horn (mean 2.7 mm, SD=1.48). The posterior horn of the normal lateral meniscus does not (mean 0 mm) extrude, while the mean extrusion of the anterior horn is 0.8 mm (SD=0.92). In the US results, the transplanted lateral meniscus is significantly (p<0.005) more extruded than the normal lateral meniscus in all patient positions. Both cross-sectional surface and distance are equally good parameters to determine meniscal extrusion. There is no statistical difference between patient positions. The transplanted lateral meniscus extrudes, in the supine position, bipodal and unipodal stance 6.43 (SD=1.84), 6.01 (SD=1.93) and 6.99 mm (SD=2.7) respectively. The extrusion surface of the lateral transplanted meniscus is 50.50 mm(2) (SD= 15.32), 47.24 mm(2) (SD=14.35) and 58.61 mm(2) (SD= 29.65) in the supine position, bipodal stance and unipodal stance respectively. The normal lateral meniscus extrudes in the supine position, bipodal and unipodal stance 3.77 (SD= 1.76), 3.94 (SD= 1.66) and 3.79 mm (SD=1.79) respectively. The extrusion surface of the normal lateral meniscus is 22.42 mm(2) (SD=12.54), 23.24 mm(2) (SD=12.74) and 24.79 mm(2) (SD=10.18) in the supine position, bipodal stance and unipodal stance respectively. The presented data shows that the transplanted lateral meniscus, without bone block fixation but with firm fixation of the horns to the original entheses, extrudes in the lateral direction significantly more than the normal meniscus. The transplanted lateral meniscus, however, does not extrude more in the lateral direction under axial load. The anterior horn of both normal and transplanted menisci is extruded more laterally than the posterior horn. Both methods are adequate to measure laterally-directed extrusion of the normal and transplanted lateral meniscus, but have distinctive advantages and disadvantages: MRI in this series visualizes the comple Using ultrasound one can evaluate the meniscal extrusion in different conditions of axial loading, but only from a single examination point