MYCOLOGICAL AND MYCOTOXICOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON MAIZE SAMPLES COMING FROM CLUJ AND ALBA COUNTIES

A number of 36 samples from Alba - and 34 from Cluj counties obtained in the 2001 and 2002 harvests were randomly collected in October 2002 and analysed for mycotic load and for zearalenone and ergosterol as fungal mass indicator. Following the mycological examination, there has been found a moderate mycotic charge with a number of 14 samples and intense mycotic load with 11 samples. The highest mycetes occurence have belonged Fusarium, Rhisopus, Alternaria, Aspergillus genera. Ergosterol was detected with all samples with a maximium value of 72 mg/kg, zearalenone was found in 54% of the total of analysed maize samples reaching values of up to 2250μg/kg, indicating a high degree of fungal contamination as well as a severe zearalenone contaminatio

The Anaerobic Digestion as Process Step for Hygienisation of Liquid Manure and Agro-Industrial Waste

Biowaste are a permanent subject of concern for environmental integrity and maintenance and human and animal health, due to their very high organic load and potential risk of pathogenic contamination. The paper presents briefly the process of anaerobic digestion as a treatment possibility for hygenisation and organic matter decomposition of biowaste (liquid manure and agro-industrial waste) with production of the energy rich biogas and of the digestion products which can be use as fertilizer. There are presented the hygienisation possibilities of the liquid manure and waste from agro-industry and the EU regulations to be considered at biogas plants construction and approval

DON DETECTION FROM CEREALS USED IN ALIMENTATION, BY RAPID IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC TESTS

The mycotxins are natural chemical compounds (toxic metabolites) produced by different species of fungi, which contaminates the aliments. The principal mycotxicogenic species (known over 110.000), developing in the animal feed and human food, are framed in five species: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Claviceps, Alternaria. In the aliments security, the mycotxins with risks are grouped in 6 families: Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins, Fumonisins, Tricothecene, Patulin, Zearalnenone. The FAO data evaluated about two decades that about 25 % of the cereals world crops was affected by mycotoxins. Their proportion increased, so that today the alimentary risks of the mycotoxins are considered a major problem for the public health

MYKOTOXIN RESEARCH IN A RESEARCH TEAM

A comprehensive review is given on cooperative scientific research between the University of Hohenheim and the Agricultural and Veterinary University of Cluj-Napoca in mycotoxinology (mainly fusariotoxins). New data of chemical and biological determination, occurrence, pathological effects and strategies for prevention are presented. The review demonstrates improved efficacy of research activities related to scientific cooperation common use of equipment, methods, research facilities as well as due to continuous scientific discussions and exchange between different groups. Informations on predominating toxins, concentrations in feed stuffs in Germany and Romania are given, a new approach to demonstrate subclinical effects is documented, the role of fusariotoxins on immunological response in piglets and pathological effects after intraperitoneal application of toxins to mice is describe

Effect of Consuming Maize Infested With Fusarium Mycetes Upon The Follicular Pool in Gilts

Maize utilized in combined fodder fed to 80 young sow aged 4 months meant for reproduction and displaying clinic signs of hyperestrogenism, was checked for mycological content. The examination has revealed a large load with mycetes of genus Fusarium (200-5400 thousand UFC/g). The clinical examination showed genital infantilism, tumefaction in the vulva, an exaggerate development of the mammary chain with conspicuous mammillary tumefaction. The histopathological examination displayed an extremely intense ovarian activity with numerous follicles in all stages of development but no yellow body, demonstrating that no follicle has reached ovulation. They finalize through follicular atresia a phenomenon which could engulf follicles in any stage of development. The absence of ovulation is due to intense-, persistent estrogenic effect induced by mycotoxins produced by genus Fusarium (zearalenone) resulting in running out from the follicular reserve within very short space of time in the very young animals, thus practically compromising them from reproduction point of view

APPROACH REGARDING THE CONTAMINATION WITH POTENTIAL MYCOTOXIGENIC MYCETS OF SOME VEGETABLE PRODUCT FROM THE AREA OF TRANSYLVANIA

The paper is a synthesis of the results obtained in researches over 5 years, made upon feed of different provenience from farms situated in the areas of Cluj and Alb