Extent and Causes of Chesapeake Bay Warming

Coastal environments such as the Chesapeake Bay have long been impacted by eutrophication stressors resulting from human activities, and these impacts are now being compounded by global warming trends. However, there are few studies documenting long-term estuarine temperature change and the relative contributions of rivers, the atmosphere, and the ocean. In this study, Chesapeake Bay warming, since 1985, is quantified using a combination of cruise observations and model outputs, and the relative contributions to that warming are estimated via numerical sensitivity experiments with a watershed–estuarine modeling system. Throughout the Bay’s main stem, similar warming rates are found at the surface and bottom between the late 1980s and late 2010s (0.02 +/- 0.02C/year, mean +/- 1 standard error), with elevated summer rates (0.04 +/- 0.01C/year) and lower rates of winter warming (0.01 +/- 0.01C/year). Most (~85%) of this estuarine warming is driven by atmospheric effects. The secondary influence of ocean warming increases with proximity to the Bay mouth, where it accounts for more than half of summer warming in bottom waters. Sea level rise has slightly reduced summer warming, and the influence of riverine warming has been limited to the heads of tidal tributaries. Future rates of warming in Chesapeake Bay will depend not only on global atmospheric trends, but also on regional circulation patterns in mid-Atlantic waters, which are currently warming faster than the atmosphere. Supporting model data available at: https://doi.org/10.25773/c774-a36

Crescimento de Aegla itacolomiensis (Crustacea, Decapoda) em um arroio da Mata Atlântica no sul do Brasil The growth of Aegla itacolomiensis (Crustacea, Decapoda) in an Atlantic forest stream in southern Brazil

Analisou-se o crescimento de Aegla itacolomiensis Bond-Buckup & Buckup, 1994, em ambiente natural, a partir de amostragens mensais, realizadas entre junho de 2005 e maio de 2006, no arroio Solitária Alta, tributário da bacia hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos, município de Igrejinha, RS, Brasil (29º33'10,2''S; 50º50'57''W). Os indivíduos foram coletados com o auxílio de um puçá, triados por sexo, medidos quanto ao comprimento do cefalotórax (CC) e devolvidos ao arroio no mesmo local de onde foram retirados. O crescimento em comprimento de machos e fêmeas de A. itacolomiensis foi avaliado pela análise das distribuições de frequências absolutas em intervalos de classe do CC. As modas dos histogramas de frequências do CC foram verificadas. O crescimento dos indivíduos foi estimado por meio da análise da progressão das modas calculadas, resultando nas curvas de crescimento para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente Ct= 23,21[1-e-0,0094 (t + 7,03)] e Ct respectivamente: Ct = 19,49 [1-e-0,0065 (t + 11,16)]. O recrutamento ocorreu na primavera e no verão. Os machos atingiram tamanhos maiores do que as fêmeas e apresentaram maior taxa de crescimento que estas. A longevidade estimada para os machos foi de 2,2 anos enquanto que para as fêmeas foi de 2,5 anos. O padrão de crescimento de A. itacolomiensis é semelhante ao de outras espécies de eglídeos anteriormente estudados.<br>To give more information about ecology and biology of Aegla itacolomiensis Bond-Buckup & Buckup, 1994 was analized its growth in the nature. Monthly samples were made from June 2005 to May 2006 in Solitária Alta stream, tributary of Rio dos Sinos basin, district of Igrejinha, RS, Brazil (29º33'10,2''S; 50º50'57''W). The specimens were collected by dip net, sexed and after the cephalotorax measured, the animals were brought back to the stream. The growth estimated by cephalotorax length for males and females of A.itacolomiensis was analized by absolut distributional size-classes frequency. The modal frequency of cephalotorax lenght was calculated. The growth was estimated trought the modal progression. The growth curves in cefalotorax length for males and females are described respectively by the equations: Ct = 23.21[1-e-0.0094 (t + 7.03)] e Ct= 19.49 [1-e-0.0065 (t + 11.16)]. Were found juveniles in the spring and summer. The males attained larger sizes and a higher growth rate than females. The estimated longevity was 2.2 years for males and 2.5 years for females