9 research outputs found
Blood gas analysis, anion gap, and strong ion difference in horses treated with polyethylene glycol balanced solution (PEG 3350) or enteral and parenteral electrolyte solutions
The relationship between transient zinc ion fluctuations and redox signaling in the pathways of secondary cellular injury: relevance to traumatic brain injury.
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Does Not Modify the Cerebral Blood Flow Profile of Secondary Forebrain Ischemia in Wistar Rats
Acid-base and bio-energetics during balanced versus unbalanced normovolaemic haemodilution
Fluids balanced to avoid acid-base disturbances may be preferable to saline, which causes metabolic acidosis in high volume. We evaluated acid-base and bio-energetic effects of haemodilution with a crystalloid balanced on physical chemical principles, versus crystalloids causing metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis. Anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated Sprague-Dawley rats (n=32, allocated to four groups) underwent six exchanges of 9 ml crystalloids for 3 ml/blood. Exchange was with one of three crystalloids with strong ion difference (SID) values of 0, 24 (balanced) and 40 mEq/l. Controls did not undergo haemodilution. Mean haemoglobin concentration fell 11 to approximately 50 g/l after haemodilution. With SID 24 mEq/l fluid, metabolic acid-base remained unchanged. Dilution with SID 0 mEq/l and 40 mEq/l fluids caused a progressive metabolic acidosis and alkalosis respectively. Standard base excess (SBE) and haemoglobin concentration were directly con-elated in the SID 0 mEq/l group (R-2 = 0.61), indirectly correlated in the SBE 40 mEq/1 group (R-2 = 0.48) and showed no correlation in the SID 24 mEq/l group (R-2=0.003). There were no significant differences between final ileal values of CO2 gap, nucleotides concentration, energy charge, or luminal lactate concentration. SID 40 mEq/l crystalloid dilution caused a significant rise in subcutaneous lactate. In this group mean kidney ATP concentration was significantly less than controls and renal energy charge significantly lower than SID 0 mEq/l and control groups. We conclude that a crystalloid SID of 24 mEq/l provides balanced haemodilution. Bio-eneigetic perturbations with higher SID haemodilution may be more severe and need further investigation