Recria de bovinos nelore em pastos de Brachiaria brizantha com suplementação protéica ou com acesso a banco de proteína de Leucaena lecocephala: desempenho animal Post-weaning nelore cattle grazing Brachiaria brizantha with protein supplement or free access to a protein bank of Leucaena leucocephala: animal performance

Foi avaliado o desempenho de 192 bovinos Nelore recém desmamados em pastos de brachiaria exclusiva (Teste) ou suplementados durante a estação seca (Seca), o ano todo (Ano) ou com acesso a banco de leucaena (Banco), em delineamento de blocos casualisados com quatro repetições. O suplemento fornecido na seca continha 46,9 % de PB, 70 % degradável no rúmen e o das águas 43,9% PB, 60 % degradável. No período das secas, os animais dos tratamentos Ano e Seca tiveram ganhos maiores que os dos tratamentos Banco e Teste (0,534 e 0,486 vs 0,277 e 0,201 kg/d, respectivamente). Nas águas os animais dos tratamentos Ano e Banco ganharam mais peso que os de Seca e Teste (0,782 e 0,741 vs 0,584 e 0,645 kg/d). O ganho de peso vivo por unidade de área apresentou as mesmas tendências que os ganhos médios diários. A suplementação com fontes protéicas pouco degradáveis nas águas e o banco mostraram-se alternativas eficientes a serem exploradas.<br>The performance of 192 weaned Nelore steers grazing on Brachiaria brizantha pastures(Teste), or supplemented during the dry season (Seca), all year around (Ano) or with free access to a leucaena bank (Banco), was evaluated in a random block design with four replications. The dry season supplement had 46.9% CP, 70% rumen degradable, and the wet season supplement, 43.9% CP, 60% degradable. During the dry season, the animals of Ano and Seca showed higher gains than Banco and Teste (.534 and .486 vs .277 and .201 kg/day, respectively). In the wet season animals on Ano and Bank had higher gains than Seca and Teste (.782 and .741 vs .584 and .645 kg/day). The live weight gain per unit of area showed the same behavior of daily gain. Supplements with escape protein or access to a leucaena bank during the wet season showed an efficient alternative

Progress in simulating turbulent electron thermal transport in NSTX

Nonlinear simulations based on multiple NSTX discharge scenarios have progressed to help differentiate unique instability mechanisms and to validate with experimental turbulence and transport data. First nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of microtearing (MT) turbulence in a high-beta NSTX H-mode discharge predict experimental levels of electron thermal transport that are dominated by magnetic flutter and increase with collisionality, roughly consistent with energy confinement times in dimensionless collisionality scaling experiments. Electron temperature gradient (ETG) simulations predict significant electron thermal transport in some low and high beta discharges when ion scales are suppressed by E x B shear. Although the predicted transport in H-modes is insensitive to variation in collisionality (inconsistent with confinement scaling), it is sensitive to variations in other parameters, particularly density gradient stabilization. In reversed shear (RS) Lmode discharges that exhibit electron internal transport barriers, ETG transport has also been shown to be suppressed nonlinearly by strong negative magnetic shear, s<<0. In many high beta plasmas, instabilities which exhibit a stiff beta dependence characteristic of kinetic ballooning modes (KBM) are sometimes found in the core region. However, they do not have a distinct finite beta threshold, instead transitioning gradually to a trapped electron mode (TEM) as beta is reduced to zero. Nonlinear simulations of this "hybrid" TEM/KBM predict significant transport in all channels, with substantial contributions from compressional magnetic perturbations. As multiple instabilities are often unstable simultaneously in the same plasma discharge, even on the same flux surface, unique parametric dependencies are discussed which may be useful for distinguishing the different mechanisms experimentally