Wanneer heeft iemand iets geleerd?

Eén van de meest complexe uitdagingen waarvoor leraren en lerarenopleiders in hun onderwijspraktijk staan is de vraag wanneer leerlingen c.q. studenten daadwerkelijk hebben geleerd. Om te kunnen vaststellen wanneer iemand heeft geleerd, is kennis over beoordelingsprocessen en aanpalende leertheorieën essentieel. Deze kennis kan het beste beschreven worden aan de hand van de volgende vijf vragen: 1) Waarom wordt beoordeeld? 2) Wat wordt beoordeeld? 3) Hoe wordt beoordeeld? 4) Wie beoordeelt? en 5) Wanneer wordt beoordeeld? Alvorens de vijf vragen worden beantwoord, zal het begrip beoordelen beknopt worden gedefinieerd en geplaatst in een historische context

The effects of a competency-oriented learning environment and tutor feedback on students’ reflection skills

This study investigates the effects of a competency-oriented course and the effects of feedback training on students' reflection skills. Thirty-one nursing students enrolled in a conventional course with lectures and assignments following a traditional test. Subsequently, they enrolled in a competency-oriented course, which included more performance-oriented tasks based on competencies and a performance-based assessment. In both courses, half of the students received feedback on their assignments from tutors who were trained in feedback skills (experimental group), while the other half of the students received feedback from non-trained tutors (control group). After each course, all students wrote a reflection report. Results show that students' reflection reports after the competency-oriented course were of a higher quality than the reports after the conventional course. Contrary to our expectations, the quality of the reflection reports of the control group (students supervised by non-trained tutors) was significantly higher than the quality of reflection reports of the experimental group (students supervised by trained tutors). This study shows that a competency-oriented design of courses enhances students' reflection skills, but that the training in feedback skills needs to be reconsidered

Feedback for general practitioners in training : quality, styles, and preferences

A General Practitioner (GP) is no longer a loner, but a team player in either a group practice or a care centre. This change has led to a concomitant growth in curricular interest in skills essential for successful collaboration and for enhancing critical reflection towards colleagues’ performance. Giving and receiving constructive feedback are examples of these skills. The aim of this study was to gain insight in the style and quality of feedback reports on consultation skills written by GPs-in-Training (GPiTs) and by their GP-trainers. Furthermore, the preferences of the GPiTs concerning feedback style were examined. Results show significant differences between GP-trainers and GPiTs in feedback style and quality. A ranking task indicated that GPiTs have a preference for reports characterised by a large number of reflective remarks. Questionnaire results indicate the added value of the use of peer feedback. Implications for the integration of peer feedback activities in the curriculum of GPiTs are discussed. Key words: consultation skills, feedback preferences, feedback quality, feedback style, peer feedbac

Self-assessment in university assessment of prior learning procedures

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