Effect of Bovine Somatotropin on Neutrophil Functions and Clinical Symptoms During Streptococcus uberis Mastitis

The effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) on the chemiluminescence, diapedesis, and expression of adhesion receptors (CD11a, CD11b, CD18) of isolated polymorphonuclear leukocytes was studied. The plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), bST, cortisol, and alpha-lactalbumin were also monitored. In addition, general and local clinical symptoms and the differentiation of circulating leukocytes were also studied during experimentally induced Streptococcus uberis mastitis in cows. Ten cows were infected with 500 cfu of S. uberis O140J in both left quarters. Five cows were subcutaneously treated with 500 mg of recombinant bST 7 d before and after infection, and 5 control cows received the excipient. General (fever, tachycardia, inappetance, and depression) and local symptoms (swelling, pain, firmness, and flecks in milk) were more acute, severe, and longer-lasting in control cows. Treatment with bST had no effect on chemiluminescence and diapedesis of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes and no effect on the expression of adhesion receptors. Recombinant bST induced significantly higher IGF-I and bST concentrations in plasma. The leukopenia observed after infection was less pronounced in the bST-treated cows, and the number of circulating band neutrophils and metamyelocytes was significantly lower in the treated group. The concentration of cortisol did not differ between both groups, but the blood concentration of alpha-lactalbumin significantly increased in both groups from 6 d after infection. These results showed that treatment with recombinant bST improves animal welfare by protecting the cows from severe local and general clinical symptoms during subsequent S. uberis mastitis, but that it has no effect on chemiluminescence, diapedesis, and the expression of adhesion receptors of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Determination of nitrate ion in marine biotopes with high nitrate content by ultraviolet spectrophotometry

A simple and rapid method for the determination of nitrate in seawater of high nitrate content (>1 ppm) is proposed. The absorption of the nitrate ion is measured at 210 and 220 mµ. The sample is treated with a measured quantity of hydrochloric acid to eliminate the carbonate and bicarbonate interferences and measured against a nitrate free blank prepared by reduction of the nitrate to ammonia with Raney nickel. The addition of HCl permits also storage of the sample without special precautions and the use of the blank eliminates the most serious of the interferences (bromide) expected in seawater. The interference of organic matter limits however the applicability of the method to concentrations higher than 1 ppm

Evaluation of the orthogonal projection approach (OPA) and the SIMPLISMA approach on the Windig standard spectral data sets

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A comparison of fast destruction methods for the determination of trace metals in biological materials

In clinical chemistry it can be very useful to have a rapid method for the determination of trace elements in biological material available. Because the classical wet digestion method which is generally used for the destruction of biological materials requires much attention, two procedures were tried which should be less time consuming or require less attention. The two new procedures which are the soluene (a quaternary ammonium hydroxide) method of Jackson (1) and the method of Adrian (2) utilizing pressure were applied to the determination of Cu and Zn in human brain tissue and in fish meal by atomic absorption spectroscopy

Experimental design for the rapid selection of separation conditions for methyl and propyl parahydroxybenzoate, phenylephrine hydrochloride and chlorphenamine maleate by ion-pair liquid chromatography

Methyl and propyl parahydroxybenzoate (MPHB, PPHB), phenylephrine hydrochloride (PE) and chlorphenamine maleate (CPM) are often combined as ingredients in cough-syrups. Due to distinct chemical structures, pKa values among other chemical properties are different. This may result in a particular chromatographic behaviour on ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (LC) systems. A face-centred central composite design was applied to study the impact of four LC mobile phase parameters and parameter interactions on the retention of these four compounds. The mobile phase parameters studied were the concentration of methanol as organic modifier, the concentration of sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate (SDSS) as counter-ion, the concentration of dimethyloctylamine (DMOA) as competitive base and the pH. By means of the proposed design, mathematical regression models and response surface plots were calculated, which could predict the compounds&#039; retention times with good statistical reliability. Adequate combination of the most relevant of these mobile phase parameters enabled complete chromatographic separations within short times of analysis</p

EXPERT SYSTEM FOR THE SELECTION OF INITIAL HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF PHARMACEUTICALS

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