Antibody responses to Helicobacter pylori and risk of developing colorectal cancer in a European cohort

BACKGROUND: While Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the major cause of gastric cancer, it has also been suggested to be involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. However, prospective studies addressing H. pylori and CRC are sparse and inconclusive. We assessed the association of antibody responses to H. pylori proteins with CRC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. METHODS: We applied H. pylori multiplex serology to measure antibody responses to 13 H. pylori proteins in pre-diagnostic serum samples from 485 CRC cases and 485 matched controls nested within the EPIC study. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multivariable conditional logistic regression to estimate the association of H. pylori overall and protein-specific sero-positivity with odds of developing CRC. RESULTS: Fifty-one percent of CRC cases were H. pylori sero-positive compared to 44% of controls resulting in an OR of 1.36 (95% CI: 1.00-1.85). Among the 13 individual H. pylori proteins, the association was driven mostly by sero-positivity to Helicobacter cysteine-rich protein C (HcpC) (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.19-2.30) and Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 0.99-1.82), the latter being non-statistically significant only in the fully adjusted model. CONCLUSION: In this prospective multi-center European study, antibody responses to H. pylori proteins, specifically HcpC and VacA, were associated with an increased risk of developing CRC. IMPACT: Biological mechanisms for a potential causal role of H. pylori in colorectal carcinogenesis need to be elucidated, and subsequently whether H. pylori eradication may decrease CRC incidence

Saccharomyces cerevisiae como probiótico para alevinos de tilápia-do-nilo submetidos a desafio sanitário Saccharomyces cerevisiae as probiotic for Nile tilapia fingerlings submitted to a sanitary challenge

Este experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização de levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) como probiótico em rações para alevinos de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) submetidos a desafio sanitário. Foram utilizados 60 alevinos com 30 dias de idade, pesando 0,45 &plusmn; 0,02 g e medindo 3,10 &plusmn; 0,14 cm, distribuídos em delineamento completamente casualizado com dois tratamentos e seis repetições em 12 aquários de 50 L. Como desafio sanitário, cada aquário recebeu diariamente, durante o período experimental, o equivalente a 0,5 mL de esterco suíno in natura. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma ração com (0,1% SC) e sem probiótico. Ao final do experimento, os alevinos foram contados, medidos e pesados. Foram também retirados e pesados os intestinos de dois alevinos de cada tratamento, escolhidos aleatoriamente. O conteúdo dos intestinos foi submetido à contagem do número de bactérias e coliformes totais presentes. O desempenho e a sobrevivência não foram influenciados pela inclusão de SC na dieta. A SC colonizou o intestino dos alevinos alimentados com a dieta com SC e não foi encontrada naqueles alimentados com a dieta sem probiótico. Não foram observadas diferenças no número de bactérias e coliformes totais por grama de conteúdo intestinal e por mL de água dos aquários. A utilização de Saccharomyces cerevisiae como probiótico em rações para alevinos de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) promoveu a colonização no intestino dos peixes, entretanto, não influenciou o desempenho produtivo e a sobrevivência em sistema de cultivo com desafio sanitário.<br>The present experiment was carried with the objective to evaluate the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) as probiotic in rations for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings submitted to a sanitary challenge. A total of 60 fingerlings with 30 days old, weighing 0.45 &plusmn; 0.02 g and 3.10 &plusmn; 0.14 cm were distributed to a completely randomized design with two treatments and six replications in 12 aquariums of 50 L. As a sanitary challenged each aquarium daily received, during the experimental period, an equivalent of 0.5 mL fresh swine manure. The treatments consisted of a ration with (0.1% SC) or without probiotic. At the end of the experiment the fingerlings were counted, measured and weighed. The intestines from two fingerlings randomly chosen were also removed and weighed per each treatment. Content of the intestines was submitted to a counting of the number of total bacteria and total coliformes presents. Performance and survival was not influenced by the inclusion of SC in the diet. The SC colonized the intestine of fingerlings fed with SC diet and was not observed in that fed with diets without probiotic. No differences were observed for the number of bacteria and total coliformes per g of intestinal content and per mL of water of the aquariums. The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as probiotic in rations of fingerlings of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) promoted the colonization of the intestine of the fishes, however, no influenced the productive performance and survival in a culture system with sanitary challenge

Dietary Advanced Glycation End-Products and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study

Dietary advanced glycation end-products (dAGEs) have been hypothesized to be associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) by promoting inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and oxidative stress in the colonic epithelium. However, evidence from prospective cohort studies is scarce and inconclusive. We evaluated CRC risk associated with the intake of dAGEs in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Dietary intakes of three major dAGEs: N-epsilon-carboxy-methyllysine (CML), N-epsilon-carboxyethyllysine (CEL), and N-delta-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1) were estimated in 450,111 participants (median follow-up = 13 years, with 6162 CRC cases) by matching to a detailed published European food composition database. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of dAGEs with CRC were computed using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models. Inverse CRC risk associations were observed for CML (HR comparing extreme quintiles: HRQ5vs.(Q1) = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85-1.00) and MG-H1 (HRQ5vs.(Q1) = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85-1.00), but not for CEL (HRQ5vs.(Q1) = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.89-1.05). The associations did not differ by sex or anatomical location of the tumor. Contrary to the initial hypothesis, our findings suggest an inverse association between dAGEs and CRC risk. More research is required to verify these findings and better differentiate the role of dAGEs from that of endogenously produced AGEs and their precursor compounds in CRC development