Innocent Frauds Meet Goodhart’s Law in Monetary Policy

This paper discusses recent UK monetary policies as instances of Galbraith’s ‘innocent frauds’, including the idea that money is a thing rather than a relationship, the fallacy of composition that what is possible for one bank is possible for all banks, and the belief that the money supply can be controlled by reserves management. The origins of the idea of QE, and its defense when it was applied in Britain, are analysed through this lens. An empirical analysis of the effect of reserves on lending is conducted; we do not find evidence that QE ‘worked’ either by a direct effect on money spending, or through an equity market effect. These findings are placed in a historical context in a comparison with earlier money control experiments in the UK

TDI Mutagenicity study for the detection of unscheduled DNA synthesis ex vivo in hepatocytes and lung following a single exposure to toluene diisocyanate to rats by inhalation

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:m03/23389 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Dermal route in systemic exposure

To evaluate risk from dermal exposure, the amount of material on the skin must first be measured. The potential for dermal uptake must then be assessed for the potential health effects from systemic exposure. No standard methods exist for studying these processes, and published data are not comparable because of the different techniques used. Future validated methodology should provide a sound scientific basis for risk assessment. Methods for measuring skin and surface contamination will require development of reference contaminated surfaces and skin as part of quality control procedures. Biological monitoring is a valuable tool in the assessment of dermal absorption, in contributing to the validation of in vitro techniques, and in risk assessment and management. It will be necessary to conduct detailed investigations to support risk assessment for dermal exposure. Ultimately, predictive models will be established for exposure and for dermal absorption to support a generic approach and allow risk assessment strategies appropriate to actual workplace situations. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

A Large Throughput High Resolution Fourier Transform Spectrometer for Submillimeter Applications

We have designed and constructed a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) for the study of submillimeter-wave mixers and optical components. The FTS has a large aperture (up to 25.4 cm) and small focal ratio (as fast as f/2.5) to achieve a large throughput. It operates in the 100-3750 GHz (3.3125 cm \Gamma1 ) frequency range with a resolution of up to 75 MHz (0.0025 cm \Gamma1 ). Here we discuss the design goals and provide a detailed description of the construction of the FTS. In addition, we highlight the variety of studies which have been conducted with this instrument, which include characterizing SIS mixers through both direct and heterodyne detection and measuring the properties of optical materials. keywords: Fourier Transform, spectroscopy, quasi-optics, heterodyne, SIS, dielectrics, submillimeterwaves, material properties 1 Presently at TeraDyne, 30801 Agoura Rd., Agoura Hills, CA 91301 2 Presently at JPL, Mail Stop 168-314, Pasadena, CA 91109 3 Presently at Bach Corpor..