52 research outputs found
Fas ligand elicits a caspase-independent proinflammatory response in human keratinocytes: implications for dermatitis.
Fas ligand (FasL) causes apoptosis of epidermal keratinocytes and triggers the appearance of spongiosis in eczematous dermatitis. We demonstrate here that FasL also aggravates inflammation by triggering the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules in keratinocytes. In HaCaT cells and in reconstructed human epidermis (RHE), FasL triggered a NF-kappaB-dependent mRNA accumulation of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta), chemokines (CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL1/GROalpha, CXCL3/GROgamma, and CXCL8/IL-8), and the adhesion molecule ICAM-1. Oligomerization of Fas was required both for apoptosis and for gene expression. Inhibition of caspase activity abolished FasL-dependent apoptosis; however, it failed to suppress the expression of FasL-induced genes. Additionally, in the presence of caspase inhibitors, but not in their absence, FasL triggered the accumulation of CCL5/RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) mRNA. Our findings identify a novel proinflammatory role of FasL in keratinocytes that is independent of caspase activity and is separable from apoptosis. Thus, in addition to causing spongiosis, FasL may play a direct role in triggering and/or sustaining inflammation in eczemas
Lines, Circles, Planes and Spheres
Let be a set of points in , no three collinear and not
all coplanar. If at most are coplanar and is sufficiently large, the
total number of planes determined is at least . For similar conditions and
sufficiently large , (inspired by the work of P. D. T. A. Elliott in
\cite{Ell67}) we also show that the number of spheres determined by points
is at least , and this bound is best
possible under its hypothesis. (By , we are denoting the
maximum number of three-point lines attainable by a configuration of
points, no four collinear, in the plane, i.e., the classic Orchard Problem.)
New lower bounds are also given for both lines and circles.Comment: 37 page
An analysis of Ouchi's 'conceptual framework for the design of organisational control mechanisms'
SIGLEGBUnited Kingdo
Investigating budgeting in a teaching hospital A longitudinal approach
SIGLEGBUnited Kingdo
Accounting, industrial and organisational relations Some comments for future research
SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:3597.8873(2/23) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Financial management information A longitudinal study of managers' learning in a regional health authority
SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:3597.8873(20) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
The emergence of the value added statement in the UK and Nigeria A comparison in the 1970s and 1980s
SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:3597.8876(51) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
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