17 research outputs found
Hydrophobic and ionic-interactions in bulk and confined water with implications for collapse and folding of proteins
Water and water-mediated interactions determine thermodynamic and kinetics of
protein folding, protein aggregation and self-assembly in confined spaces. To
obtain insights into the role of water in the context of folding problems, we
describe computer simulations of a few related model systems. The dynamics of
collapse of eicosane shows that upon expulsion of water the linear hydrocarbon
chain adopts an ordered helical hairpin structure with 1.5 turns. The structure
of dimer of eicosane molecules has two well ordered helical hairpins that are
stacked perpendicular to each other. As a prelude to studying folding in
confined spaces we used simulations to understand changes in hydrophobic and
ionic interactions in nano droplets. Solvation of hydrophobic and charged
species change drastically in nano water droplets. Hydrophobic species are
localized at the boundary. The tendency of ions to be at the boundary where
water density is low increases as the charge density decreases. Interaction
between hydrophobic, polar, and charged residue are also profoundly altered in
confined spaces. Using the results of computer simulations and accounting for
loss of chain entropy upon confinement we argue and then demonstrate, using
simulations in explicit water, that ordered states of generic amphiphilic
peptide sequences should be stabilized in cylindrical nanopores
Classification of vestibular signs and examination techniques: Nystagmus and nystagmus-like movements
This paper presents a classification and definitions for types of nystagmus and other oscillatory eye movements
relevant to evaluation of patients with vestibular and neurological disorders, formulated by the Classification Committee of
the Bar´ any Society, to facilitate identification and communication for research and clinical care. Terminology surrounding the ´
numerous attributes and influencing factors necessary to characterize nystagmus are outlined and defined. The classification
first organizes the complex nomenclature of nystagmus around phenomenology, while also considering knowledge of anatomy,
pathophysiology, and etiology. Nystagmus is distinguished from various other nystagmus-like movements including saccadic
intrusions and oscillations