Nanoparticles for Applications in Cellular Imaging

In the following review we discuss several types of nanoparticles (such as TiO2, quantum dots, and gold nanoparticles) and their impact on the ability to image biological components in fixed cells. The review also discusses factors influencing nanoparticle imaging and uptake in live cells in vitro. Due to their unique size-dependent properties nanoparticles offer numerous advantages over traditional dyes and proteins. For example, the photostability, narrow emission peak, and ability to rationally modify both the size and surface chemistry of Quantum Dots allow for simultaneous analyses of multiple targets within the same cell. On the other hand, the surface characteristics of nanometer sized TiO2allow efficient conjugation to nucleic acids which enables their retention in specific subcellular compartments. We discuss cellular uptake mechanisms for the internalization of nanoparticles and studies showing the influence of nanoparticle size and charge and the cell type targeted on nanoparticle uptake. The predominant nanoparticle uptake mechanisms include clathrin-dependent mechanisms, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis

Liposomes in Biology and Medicine

Drug delivery systems (DDS) have become important tools for the specific delivery of a large number of drug molecules. Since their discovery in the 1960s liposomes were recognized as models to study biological membranes and as versatile DDS of both hydrophilic and lipophilic molecules. Liposomes--nanosized unilamellar phospholipid bilayer vesicles--undoubtedly represent the most extensively studied and advanced drug delivery vehicles. After a long period of research and development efforts, liposome-formulated drugs have now entered the clinics to treat cancer and systemic or local fungal infections, mainly because they are biologically inert and biocompatible and practically do not cause unwanted toxic or antigenic reactions. A novel, up-coming and promising therapy approach for the treatment of solid tumors is the depletion of macrophages, particularly tumor associated macrophages with bisphosphonate-containing liposomes. In the advent of the use of genetic material as therapeutic molecules the development of delivery systems to target such novel drug molecules to cells or to target organs becomes increasingly important. Liposomes, in particular lipid-DNA complexes termed lipoplexes, compete successfully with viral gene transfection systems in this field of application. Future DDS will mostly be based on protein, peptide and DNA therapeutics and their next generation analogs and derivatives. Due to their versatility and vast body of known properties liposome-based formulations will continue to occupy a leading role among the large selection of emerging DDS

Overview of SND hadronic cross section measurements

At the end of 2016 the SND detector resumed data taking at the upgraded VEPP-2000 e+e− collider. The analysis of data accumulated in 2010-2013 with an integrated lumonosity of 70 pb−1 is continuing. Recent results on measurements of various hadronic cross sections are presented

Recent results from SND experiment at VEPP-2000 collider

Preliminary results of the SND experiment at the VEPP-2000 e+e− collider are presented. Data corresponding to about 40 pb−1 of integrated luminosity were collected in the e+e− c.m. energy range from 1.05 to 2.00 GeV. The cross sections for e+e− → ωπ0, π+π−4π0, pp¯${m{par p}}$, nn¯${m{nar n}}$ have been measured

Light Hadron Production in Experiments with the SND Detector at the e+e- Collider VEPP-2000

The experiments have been carried out with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 e+e− collider in the energy range from 0.3 to 2.0 GeV. The cross sections for the processes e+e− → ωπ0, K+K−, 3π, ηπ+π−, ηγ, pp̄, nn̄ have been measured

Light Hadron Production in Experiments with the SND Detector at the e+e- Collider VEPP-2000

The experiments have been carried out with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 e+e− collider in the energy range from 0.3 to 2.0 GeV. The cross sections for the processes e+e− → ωπ0, K+K−, 3π, ηπ+π−, ηγ, pp̄, nn̄ have been measured

Recent results from SND experiment at VEPP-2000 collider

Preliminary results of the SND experiment at the VEPP-2000 e+e− collider are presented. Data corresponding to about 40 pb−1 of integrated luminosity were collected in the e+e− c.m. energy range from 1.05 to 2.00 GeV. The cross sections for e+e− → ωπ0, π+π−4π0, ${\rm{p\bar p}}$, ${\rm{n\bar n}}$ have been measured

CMD-3 Overview

The CMD-3 detector is installed at the VEPP-2000 e+e− collider at BINP (Novosibirsk, Russia). It is a general-purpose detector, equipped with a tracking system, two crystal (CSI and BGO) calorimeters, liquid Xe calorimeter, TOF and muon systems. The main goal of experiments at CMD-3 is a study of exclusive modes of e+e−→ hadrons at energies s≤2$\sqrt s \le$ GeV. In particular, these results provide an important input for calculation of the hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment. The first round of data taking was performed in 2011–2013, when about 60 1/pb were taken in the center-of-mass (c.m.) energy range from 0.32 to 2.0 GeV. Here we present a survey of results of data analysis. Between 2013 and 2016 the collider and the detector were upgraded. The data taking resumed by the end of 2016. In the first run after the upgrade about 50 1/pb were collected at the energy range between 1.28 and 2.007 GeV. We discuss the upgrade and the first preliminary results from the new data