26 research outputs found

    Zoledronic Acid Increases the Prevalence of Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Rice Rats (Oryzomys palustris) in a Dose Dependent Manner

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    OBJECTIVE: Investigate role of dose/duration of zoledronic acid (ZOL), a powerful anti-resorptive (pAR), on prevalence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in rice rats (Oryzomys palustris), a species with natural susceptibility to food-impaction induced localized periodontitis (FILP) when fed standard (STD) rodent chow. We hypothesize that ZOL dose/duration predicts MRONJ prevalence. METHODS: We performed a toxicology experiment with clinically-relevant doses of ZOL in female rats (N=230) fed STD rodent chow. At weaning (age 4 wks; baseline), 12 rats were necropsied. The rest were randomized into five groups that immediately began to receive 0, 8, 20, 50 or 125Β΅g/kg ZOL IV/q 4 wks. After 12, 18, 24 and 30 wks, rat groups from each dose (N=9-16) were necropsied. High-resolution, macroscopic photos of all jaw quadrants were given a gross quadrant grade (GQG, 0-4) that classified lesion severity and determined presence of gross MRONJ lesions. Quadrants with GQGβ‰₯1 were examined histopathologically. Multiple logistic regression analysis (ZOL dose/time) of ONJ prevalence was completed. RESULTS: We found: 1) baseline rats and rats treated with 0Β΅g/kg ZOL had no MRONJ; 2) 75% of 0Β΅g/kg ZOL rats developed FILP lesions; 3) by gross observation, 29 MRONJ cases were identified; 4) by histopathology, all gross MRONJ cases were confirmed and 53 new cases were discovered; 5) ZOL dose (p = ~0.001), but not duration (p = ~0.32), was a significant predictor of MRONJ prevalence; 6) 13% prevalence of gross MRONJ, with 26% prevalence among rats exposed to ZOL oncology doses; 7) 36% prevalence of histopathological MRONJ, with 73% prevalence among rats exposed to ZOL oncology doses. CONCLUSIONS: This animal study demonstrates a very high MRONJ prevalence with a positive relationship of relevant ZOL dose to MRONJ prevalence

    The dynamics of proliferation and differentiation of osteogenic cells under supportive unloading

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    With the use of radioactive marker of DNA synthesis – Β³H-thymidine we have studied the dynamics, peculiarities of proliferation and differentiation of osteogenic cells under hind limb unloading of white rats (Β«tail suspensionΒ» method at an angle 35Β°) during 28 days. The Β³H-thymidine was administered at a single dose at the end of the experiment, the biosamples were taken from femoral bones in 1, 48, 96 hr. Light and electron-microscopic radioautography with Β³H-thymidine (in 1 hour) have shown, that basic fraction of DNA synthesizing cells in the zones of adaptive remodelling of bone tissue is represented by little-differentiated perivascular cells (that include osteogenic cell precursors). A tendency for a decrease of a labelling index in the Β³H-thymidine osteogenic cells on metaphyseal bone trabeculae under hind limb unloading has been established. The dynamics of labelled cells during various time intervals after Β³H-thymidine injection testifies to a delay in the differentiation precursors in osteoblasts and their transformation to osteocytes in experiment animals. The obtained data have shown that a long-term supportive unloading leads to lowering the intensity of osteogenetic processes in long bones and reducing bone mass.Π‘ использованиСм Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Π° синтСза Π”ΠΠš – Β³H-Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡƒ, особСнности ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ„Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ остСогСнных ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ Π±Π΅Π»Ρ‹Ρ… крыс ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ снятии ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ с Π·Π°Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… конСчностСй ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Β«Π²Ρ‹Π²Π΅ΡˆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ» Π·Π° хвост ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡƒΠ³Π»ΠΎΠΌ 35Β° Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 28 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ. Π’ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ экспСримСнта ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Β³H-Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½. Π‘ΠΈΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚Π±ΠΈΡ€Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π±Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ кости Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· 1, 48 ΠΈ 96 Ρ‡. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ свСтовой ΠΈ элСктронно-микроскопичСской Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ основная фракция Π”ΠΠš-ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ… Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ рСмодСлирования костной Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ прСдставлСна ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ пСриваскулярными ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² сСбя остСогСнныС ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ-ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. УстановлСна тСндСнция ΠΊ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ индСкса мСчСния остСогСнных ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ Β³H-Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² костных Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π±Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π°Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ снятии ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ. Π”ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ сроки послС ввСдСния Β³H-Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ-ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² остСобласты ΠΈ процСссов ΠΈΡ… трансформации Π² остСоциты Ρƒ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ опорная Ρ€Π°Π·Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ сниТСнию интСнсивности остСогСнСтичСских процСссов Π² Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… костях ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ костной массы.Π— використанням Ρ€Π°Π΄Ρ–ΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Π° синтСзу Π”ΠΠš – Β³H-Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΠ²Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡ–ΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— Ρ‚Π° Π΄ΠΈΡ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ–ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ остСогСнних ΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ Π±Ρ–Π»ΠΈΡ… Ρ‰ΡƒΡ€Ρ–Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ знятті ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ навантаТСння Ρ–Π· Π·Π°Π΄Π½Ρ–Ρ… ΠΊΡ–Π½Ρ†Ρ–Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Β«Π²ΠΈΠ²Ρ–ΡˆΡƒΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΒ» Π·Π° хвіст ΠΏΡ–Π΄ ΠΊΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ 35Β° Π²ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆ 28 Π΄Π½Ρ–Π². Π’ ΠΊΡ–Π½Ρ†Ρ– СкспСримСнту ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Β³H-Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½. Π‘Ρ–ΠΎΠ·Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΊΠΈ Π²Ρ–Π΄Π±ΠΈΡ€Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ–Π· стСгнової кістки Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· 1, 48 Ρ– 96 Π³ΠΎΠ΄. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ світлової Ρ‚Π° Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ мікроскопічної Ρ€Π°Π΄Ρ–ΠΎΠ°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„Ρ–Ρ— Π±ΡƒΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‰ΠΎ основна фракція Π”ΠΠš-ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ Ρƒ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ… Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ кісткової Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ прСдставлСна ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ пСриваскулярними ΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ‰ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ остСогСнні ΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ВстановлСно Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ–ΡŽ Π΄ΠΎ змСншСння індСксу мічСння остСогСнних ΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ Β³H-Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² кісткових Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π±Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ»Π°Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ„Ρ–Π·Ρ–Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ знятті ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ навантаТСння. Π”ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡ–ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ Π² Ρ€Ρ–Π·Π½Ρ– Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΈ після ввСдСння Β³H-Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΡ–Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ дСмонструє ΡƒΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†Ρ–ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π² Π² остСобласти Ρ– процСсів Ρ—Ρ…Π½ΡŒΠΎΡ— трансформації Π² остСоцити Ρƒ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½. ΠžΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ– Π΄Π°Π½Ρ– ΡΠ²Ρ–Π΄Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅, Ρ‰ΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Π½Π΅ розвантаТСння ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎ зниТСння інтСнсивності остСогСнСтичних процСсів Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΈΡ… кістках Ρ– Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ— кісткової маси

    Perceived Impacts Of Ecotourism Environmental Learning And Conservation: Turtle Watching As A Case Study

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    Using a case study, involving turtle-based ecotourism, we explore the role of ecotourism in promoting environmental learning and in sustaining conservation of nature. Mon Repos Conservation Park (an important marine turtle rookery involved in ecotourism) in Queensland, Australia, was selected for this study and visitors were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The reported on-site experiences of respondents are analysed to identify important factors that alter their stated conservation attitudes and behaviours. The impact of these factors (such as the amount of environmental education that respondents claimed they obtained, sighting of sea turtles, nationality) is quantified using regression analyses. There has been little previous quantification of such influences. The study reveals that a considerable amount of environmental knowledge is gained by visitors to Mon Repos. The ecotourism experience, involving environmental education and seeing of turtles, was found to have positive and statistically significant impacts on the visitors' stated desire and intended behaviour to protect sea turtles. The study reveals the importance of learning and the interaction of tourists with wildlife as a contributor to their pro-conservation sentiments and actions. It shows how ecotourism can support nature conservation
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