26 research outputs found
Zoledronic Acid Increases the Prevalence of Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Rice Rats (Oryzomys palustris) in a Dose Dependent Manner
OBJECTIVE: Investigate role of dose/duration of zoledronic acid (ZOL), a powerful anti-resorptive (pAR), on prevalence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in rice rats (Oryzomys palustris), a species with natural susceptibility to food-impaction induced localized periodontitis (FILP) when fed standard (STD) rodent chow. We hypothesize that ZOL dose/duration predicts MRONJ prevalence.
METHODS: We performed a toxicology experiment with clinically-relevant doses of ZOL in female rats (N=230) fed STD rodent chow. At weaning (age 4 wks; baseline), 12 rats were necropsied. The rest were randomized into five groups that immediately began to receive 0, 8, 20, 50 or 125Β΅g/kg ZOL IV/q 4 wks. After 12, 18, 24 and 30 wks, rat groups from each dose (N=9-16) were necropsied. High-resolution, macroscopic photos of all jaw quadrants were given a gross quadrant grade (GQG, 0-4) that classified lesion severity and determined presence of gross MRONJ lesions. Quadrants with GQGβ₯1 were examined histopathologically. Multiple logistic regression analysis (ZOL dose/time) of ONJ prevalence was completed. RESULTS: We found: 1) baseline rats and rats treated with 0Β΅g/kg ZOL had no MRONJ; 2) 75% of 0Β΅g/kg ZOL rats developed FILP lesions; 3) by gross observation, 29 MRONJ cases were identified; 4) by histopathology, all gross MRONJ cases were confirmed and 53 new cases were discovered; 5) ZOL dose (p = ~0.001), but not duration (p = ~0.32), was a significant predictor of MRONJ prevalence; 6) 13% prevalence of gross MRONJ, with 26% prevalence among rats exposed to ZOL oncology doses; 7) 36% prevalence of histopathological MRONJ, with 73% prevalence among rats exposed to ZOL oncology doses. CONCLUSIONS: This animal study demonstrates a very high MRONJ prevalence with a positive relationship of relevant ZOL dose to MRONJ prevalence
The dynamics of proliferation and differentiation of osteogenic cells under supportive unloading
With the use of radioactive marker of DNA synthesis β Β³H-thymidine we have studied the dynamics, peculiarities of proliferation and differentiation of osteogenic cells under hind limb unloading of white rats (Β«tail suspensionΒ» method at an angle 35Β°) during 28 days. The Β³H-thymidine was administered at a single dose at the end of the experiment, the biosamples were taken from femoral bones in 1, 48, 96 hr. Light and electron-microscopic radioautography with Β³H-thymidine (in 1 hour) have shown, that basic fraction of DNA synthesizing cells in the zones of adaptive remodelling of bone tissue is represented by little-differentiated perivascular cells (that include osteogenic cell precursors). A tendency for a decrease of a labelling index in the Β³H-thymidine osteogenic cells on metaphyseal bone trabeculae under hind limb unloading has been established. The dynamics of labelled cells during various time intervals after Β³H-thymidine injection testifies to a delay in the differentiation precursors in osteoblasts and their transformation to osteocytes in experiment animals. The obtained data have shown that a long-term supportive unloading leads to lowering the intensity of osteogenetic processes in long bones and reducing bone mass.Π‘ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΠΠ β Β³H-ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π±Π΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Β«Π²ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ» Π·Π° Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ³Π»ΠΎΠΌ 35Β° Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 28 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ. Π ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Β³H-ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½. ΠΠΈΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 1, 48 ΠΈ 96 Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ°Π²ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ-ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Β³H-ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π±Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Π°Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Β³H-ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ-ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ.Π Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΠΠΠ β Β³H-ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ· Π·Π°Π΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Β«Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΒ» Π·Π° Ρ
Π²ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΄ ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌ 35Β° Π²ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆ 28 Π΄Π½ΡΠ². Π ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Β³H-ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½. ΠΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ· ΡΡΠ΅Π³Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 1, 48 Ρ 96 Π³ΠΎΠ΄. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ° Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ°Π²ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΠΠ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΉΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ-ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Β³H-ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π±Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Π°Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ·ΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ Π² ΡΡΠ·Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Β³H-ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² Π² ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΡΡ
Π½ΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈ Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ½. ΠΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Ρ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈ
Perceived Impacts Of Ecotourism Environmental Learning And Conservation: Turtle Watching As A Case Study
Using a case study, involving turtle-based ecotourism, we explore the role of ecotourism in promoting environmental learning and in sustaining conservation of nature. Mon Repos Conservation Park (an important marine turtle rookery involved in ecotourism) in Queensland, Australia, was selected for this study and visitors were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The reported on-site experiences of respondents are analysed to identify important factors that alter their stated conservation attitudes and behaviours. The impact of these factors (such as the amount of environmental education that respondents claimed they obtained, sighting of sea turtles, nationality) is quantified using regression analyses. There has been little previous quantification of such influences. The study reveals that a considerable amount of environmental knowledge is gained by visitors to Mon Repos. The ecotourism experience, involving environmental education and seeing of turtles, was found to have positive and statistically significant impacts on the visitors' stated desire and intended behaviour to protect sea turtles. The study reveals the importance of learning and the interaction of tourists with wildlife as a contributor to their pro-conservation sentiments and actions. It shows how ecotourism can support nature conservation