Efficiency of a submersible plunger pump linear motor

Modern oil extracting has difficulties with extraction at depths exceeding 2 kilometers from mid and low debit wells. Traditional way for extraction from mid and low debit wells (pumping unit) is unacceptable for this task, because of rod column break hazard. Meanwhile, submersible electrical centrifugal pumps that are usually used for oil extracting from big depth have very low efficiency on low debit wells. Due to that, a new class of oil extraction equipment has appeared—submersible plunger pumps. Their world-leading manufacturer is China. The biggest progress in submersible plunger pump linear drive research was reached in Perm National Research Polytechnic University. Although efficiency of this type of pumps on low debit wells is much higher than centrifugal pumps have, it is still very low and does not exceed 30%. Thus, efficiency improvement of gaining popularity submersible plunger pumps is an important task not only for oil extraction but also for energy saving. Major power loss happens in windings of submersible linear motors. Because of that, first step of pump efficiency improvement is improvement of linear drive efficiency. Motor design optimization allows to significantly raise its efficiency to 50%. Higher efficiency could be reached by optimizing motor operation algorithm and using better materials

Концепция многополярности в западном, российском и китайском академическом дискурсе

The key research focus of this article is the emergence and further development of the multipolarity concept in international relations academic discourse in the United States, Western Europe, Russia and China. Initially, the term was rooted in Western IR school, and was elaborated as an attempt to counter-balance USSR in the context of bipolar world. The article also covers the modern practice of using multipolarity discourse in Western international political science. Particular attention is paid to the formation of the concept of multipolarity in the Russian Federation and in the PRC in the post-bipolar world. Academic discourse of multipolarity is presented in close link to the practical dimension of the foreign policy concepts of the countries mentioned in this study. The re-emergence of multipolarity was closely associated with changes in the balance of power and an attempt to overestimate the role of superpowers in the world. The consistent development of the theoretical basis of the concept was carried out until the end of the Cold War in the framework of the Western school of IR. In Russian and Chinese studies, multipolarity mostly acts as an image of the desired world order. In recent years, a number of Western scholars have recognized the objective nature of a multipolar world and the need for strategic adaptation to its realities.Предметом исследования является появление и дальнейшее развитие понятия многополярности в академических исследованиях по международным отношениям в США, странах Западной Европы, РФ и КНР. Показано зарождение данного термина в западной международно-политической науки как попытки контр-балансирования в реалиях биполярного мира, раскрыта современная практика применения дискурса в западной международно-политической науке. Особое внимание уделено становлению концепта многополярности в Российской Федерации и в КНР в постбиполярный период. Дается анализ академических дискурса по проблематике многополярности с учетом прикладных задач, которые стоят перед внешнеполитическим сообществом исследуемых стран в рассматриваемый период времени. Появление концепции многополярности было тесно связано с изменением баланса сил и попыткой переоценки роли сверхдержав в мире. Последовательное развитие теоретической базы концепции велось до конца холодной войны в рамках западной школы ТМО, и многополярность в данных исследованиях представлялась как система, в которой существует две сверхдержавы и ряд великих держав, которые образуют систему полюсов. В российских и китайских исследованиях многополярность выступает как образ желаемого мироустройства. В последние годы в целом ряде западных работ отмечается признание объективного характера многополярного мира и необходимости стратегической адаптации к его реалиям