Análise dos Fatos utilizados no 13º Campeonato do Mundo FINA

Para nadar mais rápido, é necessário aumentar a propulsão e diminuir o arrasto. Para o caso, os fatos de natação de poliuretano podem ter desempenhado um papel importante (Marinho et al., 2009). Com este estudo pretende-se descrever a distribuição dos diferentes modelos de fatos de natação usados pelos nadadores durante todas as finais do 13º Campeonato do Mundo de natação, realizado em Roma e assim perceber as preferências dos nadadores de elevado nível desportivo

13th FINA world Championship: analysis of swimsuits used by elite male swimmers

The polyurethane swimsuits has become the notice around the pools in the past couple years. A better body position and the reducing of drag are believed to be some of the reasons that allow the swimmers wearing these swimsuits to go faster (Kainuma et al., 2009). The purpose of this study was to verify the distribution of different swimsuits used by male swimmers during the finals at the last world championships being held at Rome in 200

Nonuniversal correlations in multiple scattering

We show that intensity of a wave created by a source embedded inside a three-dimensional disordered medium exhibits a non-universal space-time correlation which depends explicitly on the short-distance properties of disorder, source size, and dynamics of disorder in the immediate neighborhood of the source. This correlation has an infinite spatial range and is long-ranged in time. We suggest that a technique of "diffuse microscopy" might be developed employing spatially-selective sensitivity of the considered correlation to the disorder properties.Comment: 15 pages, 3 postscript figures, accepted to Phys. Rev.

Numerical simulations of a swimmer’s head and cap wearing different types of goggles

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of swimming goggles on swimming hydrodynamics by numerical simulations. An elite swimmer volunteered for this research. The swimmer's head was scanned both without goggles, and while wearing 3 different types of goggles (Nikko, Ankor and Swedish). Numerical simulations were conducted at 2 m/s with the Fluent code. The condition without goggles showed the highest viscous drag (1.65 N), followed by the Ankor (1.64 N), Swedish (1.63 N) and Nikko (1.62 N) goggles, respectively. The highest pressure drag was found in the situation without goggles (11.34 N), followed by the Ankor (10.87 N), Nikko (10.78 N) and Swedish (10.20 N) goggles. The condition without goggles presented the highest total drag (12.99 N), followed by the Ankor (12.52 N), Nikko (12.40 N) and Swedish (11.83 N) goggles. Thus, Swedish goggles yields the best hydrodynamics, followed by the Nikko and Ankor goggles and lastly without goggles. Thus, goggles minimise the swimmer's drag comparing to not wearing any. The design of the goggles may impose varying drag forces and therefore it is advised to use goggles at least in competition.This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P. [UIDB04045/2020].info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The gliding phase in swimming: the effect of water depth

Aiming to achieve higher performances, swimmers should maximize each component of swimming races. During starts and turns, the gliding phase represents a determinant part of these race components. Thus, the depth position allowing minimizing the hydrodynamic drag force represents an important concern in swimming research. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of depth on drag during the underwater gliding, using computational fluid dynamic

Three-dimensional CFD analysis of the hand and forearm in swimming

The purpose of this study was to analyze the hydrodynamic characteristics of a realistic model of an elite swimmer hand/forearm using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics techniques. A three-dimensional domain was designed to simulate the fluid flow around a swimmer hand and forearm model in different orientations (0°, 45°, and 90° for the three axes Ox, Oy and Oz). The hand/forearm model was obtained through computerized tomography scans. Steady-state analyses were performed using the commercial code Fluent. The drag coefficient presented higher values than the lift coefficient for all model orientations. The drag coefficient of the hand/forearm model increased with the angle of attack, with the maximum value of the force coefficient corresponding to an angle of attack of 90°. The drag coefficient obtained the highest value at an orientation of the hand plane in which the model was directly perpendicular to the direction of the flow. An important contribution of the lift coefficient was observed at an angle of attack of 45°, which could have an important role in the overall propulsive force production of the hand and forearm in swimming phases, when the angle of attack is near 45°.Lif

Computational fluid dynamics applied to competitive swimming: the role of finger position

The best fingers’ relative position during the underwater path of the stroke cycle in swimming seems to be an unclear issue. Even in elite level swimmers, different relative positions of thumb and finger spreading can be observed. The aim of the current abstract was to present the hydrodynamic characteristics of a true model of a swimmer’s hand with different fingers’ positions using computational CFD

Swimming propulsion forces are enhanced by a small finger spread

The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of finger spread on the propulsive force production in swimming using computational fluid dynamics. Computer tomography scans of an Olympic swimmer hand were conducted. This procedure involved three models of the hand with differing finger spreads: fingers closed together (no spread), fingers with a small (0.32 cm) spread, and fingers with large (0.64 cm) spread. Steady-state computational fluid dynamics analyses were performed using the Fluent code. The measured forces on the hand models were decomposed into drag and lift coefficients. For hand models, angles of attack of 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°, with a sweep back angle of 0°, were used for the calculations. The results showed that the model with a small spread between fingers presented higher values of drag coefficient than did the models with fingers closed and fingers with a large spread. One can note that the drag coefficient presented the highest values for an attack angle of 90° in the three hand models. The lift coefficient resembled a sinusoidal curve across the attack angle. The values for the lift coefficient presented few differences among the three models, for a given attack angle. These results suggested that fingers slightly spread could allow the hand to create more propulsive force during swimming

Time limit at the minimum velocity of VO2max and intracyclic variation of the velocity of the centre of mass

The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between time limit at the minimum velocity that elicits maximal oxygen consumption (TLim-vVO2max) and intra-cyclic variations of the velocity of the centre of mass (dv) in the four competitive swimming techniques. Twelve elite male swimmers SWIMMING BIOENERGETICS Rev Port Cien Desp 190 6(Supl.2) 185–197 swam their own best technique until exhaustion at their previously determined v O2max to assess TLim-v O2max. The test was videotaped in the sagittal plan and the APAS software was used to evaluate the horizontal velocity of the centre of mass (Vcm) and its intra-cyclic variation (dv) per swimming technique. Results pointed out that the strokes that presented higher intra-cyclic variations also presented larger values of TLim. Intra-cyclic speed fluctuations (dv) decreased during the TLim test in the four strokes studied, probably due to fatigue. Key words: VO2, intra-cyclic velocity variations, time limit, centre of mass.Authors want to express their gratitude to the Portuguese National Team, and the Portuguese Swimming Federation, for their cooperation