Choroidal OCT Analytics

The advance in OCT imaging techniques allow visualization of the deeper structures of the eye, including the choroid, the structural change of which is associated with various diseases. In this chapter, methodologies are presented for automatic quantification of choroidal measurements such as thickness, volume and stromal-luminal ratio, which are indicators crucial in disease diagnosis and treatment response monitoring

Exploring marginalization and exclusion in renewable energy development in Africa:a perspective from western individualism and African ubuntu philosophy

The objectives of this chapter are to understand the ethical principles that are relevant to the achievement of energy justice; to explore energy marginalization in Africa and to analyse this marginalization from the perspectives of Western and Ubuntu ethics; to underscore the violation of ethics in renewable energy deployment; and to find means of addressing energy injustice through proper application of the respective ethical principles. Part of the data for the study were sourced from the reports of the Renewable Energy for Twenty-First Century (REN21)

Aging and mfERG Topography

Aim: To study the effect of aging retina on the multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG). Methods: A total of 18 young subjects (age 18 -24 years) and 36 elderly subjects (aged 60 -85 years) with intraocular lenses (IOLs) were recruited for this study. No subjects had significant eye diseases or media opacities. mfERG was measured in standard conditions using the VERIS system (version 4.1). There were three groups of 18 subjects: (1) 18 -25 years, (2) 60-70 years, and (3) 75 -85 years. mfERG responses were grouped into central, paracentral, and peripheral regions for analysis. The N1 amplitude, P1 amplitude, N1 latency, and P1 latency of the first-order responses were analysed. Results: Age had no effect on P1 latency, N1 amplitude, and P1 amplitude; however, N1 latencies from central to peripheral regions were significantly longer for group 3 than for group 1. Conclusions: This study suggests that measured age-related decreases in mfERG responses are due to optical factors (decrease in retinal light levels, scatter) before the age of 70 years, but neural factors significantly affect mfERG topography after the age of 70 years.School of Optometr