Temperature dependence of the electron spin g factor in GaAs

The temperature dependence of the electron spin $g$ factor in GaAs is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Experimentally, the $g$ factor was measured using time-resolved Faraday rotation due to Larmor precession of electron spins in the temperature range between 4.5 K and 190 K. The experiment shows an almost linear increase of the $g$ value with the temperature. This result is in good agreement with other measurements based on photoluminescence quantum beats and time-resolved Kerr rotation up to room temperature. The experimental data are described theoretically taking into account a diminishing fundamental energy gap in GaAs due to lattice thermal dilatation and nonparabolicity of the conduction band calculated using a five-level kp model. At higher temperatures electrons populate higher Landau levels and the average $g$ factor is obtained from a summation over many levels. A very good description of the experimental data is obtained indicating that the observed increase of the spin $g$ factor with the temperature is predominantly due to band's nonparabolicity.Comment: 6 pages 4 figure

Optimal control of light pulse storage and retrieval

We demonstrate experimentally a procedure to obtain the maximum efficiency for the storage and retrieval of light pulses in atomic media. The procedure uses time reversal to obtain optimal input signal pulse-shapes. Experimental results in warm Rb vapor are in good agreement with theoretical predictions and demonstrate a substantial improvement of efficiency. This optimization procedure is applicable to a wide range of systems.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

STANDARD CONSTITUTIONAL CATALOG OF PRINCIPLES OF JUDICIAL AUTHORITY IN THE CIS COUNTRIES

Purpose of Study: The present paper presents the results of a comparative legal analysis of constitutions of the CIS-member states in order to identify a standard catalog of judicial power principles in them, considering their interpretation as a set of fundamental principles determining the institutional and procedural aspects of judicial power. There is a lack of unity in the institutional and procedural aspects of the considered fundamental ideas together with a unified approach to the formation of a principles catalog for the judiciary in the focus group of constitutions. Methodology: The present study was based on a rational approach to the disclosure of legal phenomena and processes, using general (system, logical, analysis and synthesis) scientific and private scientific methods. Among the latter are the formal legal, linguistic legal, comparative legal, collectively used to identify the judiciary principles. Results: The identified standard list of constitutional principles of the judiciary in the CIS countries is presented. It includes the justice administration only by the court, organization legality and judiciary activities, prohibition of creation of emergency courts, independence, interaction, inadmissibility of interference with judiciary implementation, openness, competitiveness and equality of the parties, the state language of legal proceedings, cooperation and unity of procedure, court decisions, and state funding of courts Implications/Applications: The comparative legal analysis, with a unified approach to the formation of the list of principles of the judiciary in the focus group of Constitutions, the lack of unity in institutional and procedural aspects of the fundamental ideas can be still stated. We believe that this discrepancy mediates the integration of the considered principles in the judiciary’s framework

Influence of drying and pretreatment methods on certain parameters of yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor)

Nowadays alternative protein sources like edible insects are becoming widely used as human food. One of the most popular insect is yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) due to its high nutrition value. However, pretreatment and drying are necessary to increase the food shelf life and the efficiency of its use. Due to this, the purpose of the present work was the determination of influence of pretreatment methods (freezing of larvae for 1 month, freezing for 2 hours, freezing for 1 month followed by defrosting for 2 hours at room temperature, blanching) and drying methods (convection drying at 40 °C and 60 °C, microwave drying) of yellow mealworm on its color (determination of L*, а*, b*, ΔElab, Ch, H, BI), moisture content (gravimetric method), fatty acid composition (determined by gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy) and time of drying (time required to reach constant weight). It was found that all used pretreatment and drying methods had no effect on the fatty acid composition of the larvae. In terms of drying rate and color retention, microwave drying showed better results than convection drying at 40 °C and 60 °C. Meanwhile, convection drying at 40 °C leads to the higher final moisture content of the samples. Among the pretreatment methods, only blanching the larvae samples before drying retained their color better and also accelerated the rate of the convection drying

Standard constitutional catalog of principles of judicial authority in the CIS countries

The present paper presents the results of a comparative legal analysis of constitutions of the CIS member states in order to identify a standard catalog of judicial power principles in them, considering their interpretation as a set of fundamental principles determining the institutional and procedural aspects of judicial powe

Vacuum Squeezing in Atomic Media via Self-Rotation

When linearly polarized light propagates through a medium in which elliptically polarized light would undergo self-rotation, squeezed vacuum can appear in the orthogonal polarization. A simple relationship between self-rotation and the degree of vacuum squeezing is developed. Taking into account absorption, we find the optimum conditions for squeezing in any medium that can produce self-rotation. We then find analytic expressions for the amount of vacuum squeezing produced by an atomic vapor when light is near-resonant with a transition between various low-angular-momentum states. Finally, we consider a gas of multi-level Rb atoms, and analyze squeezing for light tuned near the D-lines under realistic conditions.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures; Submitted to PR

Homogeneous singularities inside collapsing wormholes

We analyze analytically and numerically the origin of the singularity in the course of the collapse of a wormhole with the exotic scalar field Psi with negative energy density, and with this field Psi together with the ordered magnetic field H. We do this under the simplifying assumptions of the spherical symmetry and that in the vicinity of the singularity the solution of the Einstein equations depends only on one coordinate (the homogeneous approximation). In the framework of these assumptions we found the principal difference between the case of the collapse of the ordinary scalar field Phi with the positive energy density together with an ordered magnetic field H and the collapse of the exotic scalar field Psi together with the magnetic field H. The later case is important for the possible astrophysical manifestation of the wormholes.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures each of which has a),b),c),and d) sub-figures. To be published in "Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology

Morphometric study of hybridogenic species in Veronica subgenus Pseudolysimachium (Plantaginaceae)

We demonstrate the results of morphometric investigations of hybrids in Veronica subg. Pseudolysimachium (V. × altaica Kosachev und V. × kolyvanensis Kosachev et Shmakov) and their parents. Based on PCoA analysis with seven morphological characters, we reveal an intermediate position of the investigated hybrids and the most important taxonomic characters: ratio of length and width of the lamina of the upper leaves, height of plants, length of the longest corolla lobe and calyx lobe, presence of hairs on the calyx and their position, as well as the length of hairs on the internode below the inflorescence

Buffer-gas induced absorption resonances in Rb vapor

We observe transformation of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance into the absorption resonance in a $\Lambda$ interaction configuration in a cell filled with $^{87}$Rb and a buffer gas. This transformation occurs as a one-photon detuning of the coupling fields is varied from the atomic transition. No such absorption resonance is found in the absence of a buffer gas. The width of the absorption resonance is several times smaller than the width of the EIT resonance, and the changes of absorption near these resonances are about the same. Similar absorption resonances are detected in the Hanle configuration in a buffered cell.Comment: 11 pages, 15 figures; 13 pages, 17 figures, added numerical simulatio