Entangled Proteins: Knots, Slipknots, Links, and Lassos

In recent years the studies of entangled proteins have grown into the whole new, interdisciplinary and rapidly developing field of research. Here we present various types of entangled proteins studied within this field, which form knots, slipknots, links, and lassos. We discuss their geometric features and indicate what biological and physical role the entanglement plays. We also discuss mathematical tools necessary to analyze such structures and present databases and servers assembling information about entangled proteins: KnotProt, LinkProt, and LassoProt