The effects of subsampling and between-haul variation on the size-selectivity estimation of Chilean hake (Merluccius gayi gayi)

Using the data collected in a size selectivity experiment on Chilean hake (Merluccius gayi gayi) carried out in 2000, the selectivity parameters for four codend mesh sizes (100, 110, 130, and 140 mm of mesh size opening) were estimated and modelled by the SELECT model. These analyses included considerations of the sampling proportions of the catch in the codend and cover. Furthermore, the analyses took into account between-haul variation. The l(50) values were 30.8, 29.9, 30.0, and 41.2 cm of total length, respectively, values lower than the estimates obtained from previous studies. The contribution of explanatory variables to the selectivity model was also tested in order to determine the role of mesh size, catch size (in number), and towing speed. Increases in catch size and in towing speed were accompanied by decreases in the l(50) estimates. These results demonstrate how incorporation of subsampling effect and explanatory variables to model between-haul variation can improve selectivity estimates and management of a valuable resource

An experimental study of the dual-fuel performance of a small compression ignition diesel engine operating with three gaseous fuels

A dual-fuel engine is a compression ignition (CI) engine where the primary gaseous fuel source is premixed with air as it enters the combustion chamber. This homogenous mixture is ignited by a small quantity of diesel, the ‘pilot’, that is injected towards the end of the compression stroke. In the present study, a direct-injection CI engine, was fuelled with three different gaseous fuels: methane, propane, and butane. The engine performance at various gaseous concentrations was recorded at 1500 r/min and quarter, half, and three-quarters relative to full a load of 18.7 kW. In order to investigate the combustion performance, a novel three-zone heat release rate analysis was applied to the data. The resulting heat release rate data are used to aid understanding of the performance characteristics of the engine in dual-fuel mode. Data are presented for the heat release rates, effects of engine load and speed, brake specific energy consumption of the engine, and combustion phasing of the three different primary gaseous fuels. Methane permitted the maximum energy substitution, relative to diesel, and yielded the most significant reductions in CO2. However, propane also had significant reductions in CO2 but had an increased diffusional combustion stage which may lend itself to the modern high-speed direct-injection engine

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Petugas Kesehatan Igd terhadap Tindakan Triage Berdasarkan Prioritas

The purpose of this research was to find out relationship of knowledge and attitude of emergency room workers towards triage actions based on priority. Methodology on this research was a descriptive correlative with cross sectional approach. The study conducted in emergency room of Eka Hospital Pekanbaru with 32 respondents as the sample, which were doctors and nurses. The sampling method used was total sampling technique. The measuring instrument used was questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability, and also using the observation sheet. The analysis used are univariate and bivariate analysis by Chi-squared test. The result of this research indicates that majority of respondent\u27s knowledge of triage actions with priority was high based on 17 people (53,1%), majority of respondents attitude towards triage action with priority was positive based on 19 people (59,4%) and majority of the respondents implement triage actions with priority accordance with the procedure were 18 people (56,3%). The result showed that there was a relationship between knowledge and attitude of emergency room workers towards triage actions based on priority for the P value < 0,05 which is (0.036 < 0,05) and ( 0,006 < 0,05). Based on the result of this research, emergency room workers are expected to be able to conduct triage action based on priority to prevent further death and disability

Total Molecular Gas Masses of Planck - Herschel Selected Strongly Lensed Hyper Luminous Infrared Galaxies

We report the detection of CO(1 - 0) line emission from seven Planck and Herschel selected hyper luminous (LIR(8-1000um) > 10^13Lsun) infrared galaxies with the Green Bank Telescope (GBT). CO(1 - 0) measurements are a vital tool to trace the bulk molecular gas mass across all redshifts. Our results place tight constraints on the total gas content of these most apparently luminous high-z star-forming galaxies (apparent IR luminosities of LIR > 10^(13-14) Lsun), while we confirm their predetermined redshifts measured using the Large Millimeter Telescope, LMT (zCO = 1.33 - 3.26). The CO(1 - 0) lines show similar profiles as compared to Jup = 2 -4 transitions previously observed with the LMT. We report enhanced infrared to CO line luminosity ratios of = 110 (pm 22) Lsun(K km s^-1 pc^-2)^-1 compared to normal star-forming galaxies, yet similar to those of well-studied IR-luminous galaxies at high-z. We find average brightness temperature ratios of = 0.93 (2 sources), = 0.34 (5 sources), and = 0.18 (1 source). The r31 and r41 values are roughly half the average values for SMGs. We estimate the total gas mass content as uMH2 = (0.9 - 27.2) x 10^11(alphaCO/0.8)Msun, where u is the magnification factor and alphaCO is the CO line luminosity to molecular hydrogen gas mass conversion factor. The rapid gas depletion times are, on average, tau = 80 Myr, which reveal vigorous starburst activity, and contrast the Gyr depletion timescales observed in local, normal star-forming galaxies.Comment: published in MNRAS, 9pages, 5fig

Efektifitas Pendidikan Kesehatan Menggunakan Media Audiovisual terhadap Perilaku Pencegahan Filariasis

The aim of this research was to identify the effectiveness of health education using audiovisual media to improve filariasis prevention behavior. This was quasi experiment study with implementation of health education using audiovisual media. This research was conducted in Kelurahan Sungai Apit, Desa Mengkapan, Desa Teluk Batil, Desa Harapan, Kecamatan Sungai Apit Kabupaten Siak with 32 respondents. Researcher used questionnaire instrument about knowledge, attitude, action, and observation sheet, which was developed by researcher. The data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate analysis with dependent t-test. The result showed a health education using audiovisual media was effective for filariasis prevention behavior with p value < α (0,00 < 0,05). Based on the result of this study, health provider's in Puskesmas are recommended to apply this methods to improve community behavior for preventing filariasis disease

Pengaruh Penambahan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit terhadap Kualitas Briket Berbahan Utama Limbah Kulit Singkong

Pengolahan Ubi kayu pada industri tapioka menghasilkan hasil samping berupa kulit singkong bagian luar yang belum termanfaatkan secara baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah kulit singkong sebagai bahan baku untuk membuat briket dan melihat pengaruh penambahan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) terhadap kualitas briket yang dihasilkan. Limbah Kulit Singkong Bagian Luar dan TKKS dibakar menjadi arang, lalu ditumbuk hingga halus dan ditambah dengan larutan tapioka sebagai perekat, kemudian dibentuk menjadi briket. Briket dibuat dengan berbagai macam komposisi Limbah kulit singkong bagian luar dan TKSS serta variasi perekat 3% dan 5%. Briket yang dihasilkan selanjutnya dianalisa kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat menguap, kadar fixed carbon, nilai kalori dan densitasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa briket dengan komposisi Limbah Kulit Singkong bagian luar : TKKS 3:1 dengan konsentrasi perekat tapioka 3% memiliki nilai kalori tertinggi, Briket tersebut juga memiliki kadar air sebesar 3,12%, kadar abu 21,28% dan Fixed karbon sebanyak 52,73%. Hasil analisa menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) menunjukkan bahwa penambahan TKKS berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar zat menguap, nilai kalori dan densitas dari briket. Sedangkan peningkatan konsentrasi perekat mempengaruhi kadar air, nilai kalori dan densitas. Berdasarkan uji korelasi didapatkan bahwa nilai kalori dipengaruhi oleh kadar abu, kadar zat hilang dan juga densitas briket

Public-private health sector partnerships for STD control in South Africa - Perspectives from the hlabisa experience

4 page(s

The physical determinants of the DNA conformational landscape: an analysis of the potential energy surface of single-strand dinucleotides in the conformational space of duplex DNA

A multivariate analysis of the backbone and sugar torsion angles of dinucleotide fragments was used to construct a 3D principal conformational subspace (PCS) of DNA duplex crystal structures. The potential energy surface (PES) within the PCS was mapped for a single-strand dinucleotide model using an empirical energy function. The low energy regions of the surface encompass known DNA forms and also identify previously unclassified conformers. The physical determinants of the conformational landscape are found to be predominantly steric interactions within the dinucleotide backbone, with medium-dependent backbone-base electrostatic interactions serving to tune the relative stability of the different local energy minima. The fidelity of the PES to duplex DNA properties is validated through a correspondence to the conformational distribution of duplex DNA crystal structures and the reproduction of observed sequence specific propensities for the formation of A-form DNA. The utility of the PES is demonstrated through its succinct and accurate description of complex conformational processes in simulations of duplex DNA. The study suggests that stereochemical considerations of the nucleic acid backbone play a role in determining conformational preferences of DNA which is analogous to the role of local steric interactions in determining polypeptide secondary structure

Dynamical Characterization of Galaxies at z~4-6 via Tilted Ring Fitting to ALMA [CII] Observations

Until recently, determining the rotational properties of galaxies in the early universe (z>4, Universe age <1.5Gyr) was impractical, with the exception of a few strongly lensed systems. Combining the high resolution and sensitivity of ALMA at (sub-) millimeter wavelengths with the typically high strength of the [CII] 158um emission line from galaxies and long-developed dynamical modeling tools raises the possibility of characterizing the gas dynamics in both extreme starburst galaxies and normal star forming disk galaxies at z~4-7. Using a procedure centered around GIPSY's ROTCUR task, we have fit tilted ring models to some of the best available ALMA [CII] data of a small set of galaxies: the MS galaxies HZ9 & HZ10, the Damped Lyman-alpha Absorber (DLA) host galaxy ALMA J0817+1351, the submm galaxies AzTEC/C159 and COSMOS J1000+0234, and the quasar host galaxy ULAS J1319+0950. This procedure directly derives rotation curves and dynamical masses as functions of radius for each object. In one case, we present evidence for a dark matter halo of O(10^11) solar masses. We present an analysis of the possible velocity dispersions of AzTEC/C159 and ULAS J1319+0950 based on matching simulated observations to the integrated [CII] line profiles. Finally, we test the effects of observation resolution and sensitivity on our results. While the conclusions remain limited at the resolution and signal-to-noise ratios of these observations, the results demonstrate the viability of the modeling tools at high redshift, and the exciting potential for detailed dynamical analysis of the earliest galaxies, as ALMA achieves full observational capabilities.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in Ap