Weak Magnetism in Two Neutrino Double Beta Decay

We have extended the formalism for the two-neutrino double beta decay by including the weak-magnetism term, as well as other second-forbidden corrections. The weak magnetism diminishes the calculated half-lives in $\sim 10$, independently of the nuclear structure. Numerical computations were performed within the pn-QRPA, for $^{76}Ge$, $^{82}Se$, $^{100} Mo$, $^{128}Te$ and $^{130}Te$ nuclei. No one of the second-forbidden corrections modifies significantly the spectrum shapes. The total reduction in the calculated half lives varies from 6% up to 32%, and strongly depend on the nuclear interaction in the particle-particle $S=1,T=0$ channel. We conclude that the higher order effects in the weak Hamiltonian would hardly be observed in the two-neutrino double beta experiments.Comment: 8 pages, latex, 1ps figure, to appear in Phys. Lett.

Nuclear moments for the neutrinoless double beta decay II

The recently developed formalism for the evaluation of nuclear form factors in neutrinoless double beta decay is applied to $^{48}Ca$, $^{76}Ge$, $^{82}Se$, $^{100}Mo$, $^{128}Te$ and $^{130}Te$ nuclei. Explicit analytical expressions that follows from this theoretical development, in the single mode model for the decay of $^{48}Ca$, have been worked out. They are useful both for testing the full numerical calculations, and for analytically checking the consistency with other formalisms. Large configuration space calculations are compared with previous studies, where alternative formulations were used. Yet, besides using the G-matrix as residual interaction, we here use a simple $\delta$-force. Attention is paid to the connected effects of the short range nuclear correlations and the finite nucleon size. Constraints on lepton number violating terms in the weak Hamiltonian (effective neutrino Majorana mass and effective right-handed current coupling strengths) are deduced.Comment: 18 pages, latex, minor changes, to appear in Nucl. Phys.

Physician/Patient Differences in the Perception of Asthma: Impact on Everyday Life and Level of the Asthma Control in Croatia

The aim of the study was to compare physician/patient differences in the perception of asthma. The data were obtained by questionnaires from 156 physicians and 148 asthmatics in four urban regions in Croatia. On a »bad day«, 62% of physicians and 16% of patients perceived respiratory symptoms with statistically significant difference. The patients described asthma impact in terms of reduced daily activities and experienced emotional problems. Asthma was estimated as controlled in 28% of adults and 49% of children, nevertheless, 45% of adults and 22% of children reported respiratory symptoms. The patients seem to be satisfied with asthma control that does not correspond to suppression of symptoms, whereas physicians neglect patients’ emotional problems and asthma impact on everyday life. The differences in the perception of asthma may reflect differences in beliefs about health. Physicians see health as an absence of symptoms, whereas patients regard being healthy as »being able«

Exact evaluation of the nuclear form factor for new kinds of majoron emission in neutrinoless double beta decay

We have developed a formalism, based on the Fourier-Bessel expansion, that facilitates the evaluation of matrix elements involving nucleon recoil operators, such as appear in serveral exotic forms of neutrinoless double beta decay ($\beta\beta_{0\nu}$). The method is illustrated by applying it to the ``charged'' majoron model, which is one of the few that can hope to produce an observable effect. From our numerical computations within the QRPA performed for $^{76}Ge$, $^{82}Se$, $^{100} Mo$, $^{128}Te$ and $^{150}Nd$ nuclei, we test the validity of approximations made in earlier work to simplify the new matrix elements, showing that they are accurate to within 15%. Our new method is also suitable for computing other previously unevaluated $\beta\beta_{0\nu}$ nuclear matrix elements.Comment: 11pp., latex, fixed minor typographical error

The Problems Of Transplantation In The Distal Region Of The Atrophic Upper Jaw - Implantation Techniques And Case Presentations

Ugradnja usatka u distalnu regiju atrofične gornje čeljusti obično je tehnički zahtjevan kirurški zahvat. Problem najčešće stvara nisko spušten maksilarni sinus. U prezentaciji su prikazane osnove sljedećih kirurških tehnika: 1. zaobilaženje sinusa - ugradnja usatka uza sam medijalni zid sinusa (bez penetracije u sinusnu šupljinu) s blagom distalnom inklinacijom; 2. transkrestalna kondenzacija dna sinusa osteotomima (Summers- tehnika)- kombinirana preparacija svrdlima i osteotomima uz završnu osteotomiju dna sinusa bez perforacije sluznice; 3. otvorena metoda podizanja dna sinusa vestibularnim pristupom - klasičan način pristupom kroz prozor u vestibularnome zidu sinusa, preparacija i potiskivanje sluznice te ugradnja materijala za augmentaciju (istodobno s ugradnjom usatka ili dvofazno). Svaka metoda popraćena je prezentacijom kliničkih slučajeva. Poznavanje svih triju metoda omogućuje iskusnom kliničaru riješiti sve situacije u implantološkom liječenju distalnih regija gornje čeljusti.The insertion of an implant in the distal region of the atrophic upper jaw is usually a technically demanding surgical intervention. Most commonly the problem is a lowered maxillary sinus. The presentation describes the bases of the following surgical techniques: 1. bypassing the sinus - insertion of the implant alongside the medial wall of the sinus (without penetration into the sinus cavity), with slight distal inclination; 2. transcrestal condensation of the sinus floor by osteotomes (Summers-technique) - combined preparation by drills and osteotomes with final osteotomy of the sinus floor without perforation of the mucous membrane; 3. open method of lifting the sinus floor by the vestibular approach - classical method of approach through the opening in the vestibular wall of the sinus, preparation and pressing of the mucous membrane, and inserting of material for augmentation (simultaneously with the insertion implant, or in two phases). Each method is supplemented with a presentation of clinical cases. Knowledge of all three methods enables the experienced clinician to solve all situations in implantological treatment of distal regions in the upper jaw

Neutrino and antineutrino charge-exchange reactions on 12C

We extend the formalism of weak interaction processes, obtaining new expressions for the transition rates, which greatly facilitate numerical calculations, both for neutrino-nucleus reactions and muon capture. Explicit violation of CVC hypothesis by the Coulomb field, as well as development of a sum rule approach for the inclusive cross sections have been worked out. We have done a thorough study of exclusive (ground state) properties of $^{12}$B and $^{12}$N within the projected quasiparticle random phase approximation (PQRPA). Good agreement with experimental data achieved in this way put in evidence the limitations of standard RPA and the QRPA models, which come from the inability of the RPA in opening the $p_{3/2}$ shell, and from the non-conservation of the number of particles in the QRPA. The inclusive neutrino/antineutrino ($\nu/\tilde{\nu}$) reactions $^{12}$C($\nu,e^-)^{12}$N and $^{12}$C($\tilde{\nu},e^+)^{12}$B are calculated within both the PQRPA, and the relativistic QRPA (RQRPA). It is found that the magnitudes of the resulting cross-sections: i) are close to the sum-rule limit at low energy, but significantly smaller than this limit at high energies both for $\nu$ and $\tilde{\nu}$, ii) they steadily increase when the size of the configuration space is augmented, and particulary for $\nu/\tilde{\nu}$ energies $> 200$ MeV, and iii) converge for sufficiently large configuration space and final state spin. The quasi-elastic $^{12}$C($\nu,\mu^-)^{12}$N cross section recently measured in the MiniBooNE experiment is briefly discussed. We study the decomposition of the inclusive cross-section based on the degree of forbiddenness of different multipoles. A few words are dedicated to the $\nu/\tilde{\nu}$-$^{12}$C charge-exchange reactions related with astrophysical applications.Comment: 21 pages, 13 figures, 1 table, submitted to Physical Review

Neutrino and antineutrino cross sections in 12^{12}C

We extend the formalism of weak interaction processes, obtaining new expressions for the transition rates, which greatly facilitate numerical calculations, both for neutrino-nucleus reactions and muon capture. We have done a thorough study of exclusive (ground state) properties of $^{12}$B and $^{12}$N within the projected quasiparticle random phase approximation (PQRPA). Good agreement with experimental data is achieved in this way. The inclusive neutrino/antineutrino ($\nu/\tilde{\nu}$) reactions $^{12}$C($\nu,e^-)^{12}$N and $^{12}$C($\tilde{\nu},e^+)^{12}$B are calculated within both the PQRPA, and the relativistic QRPA (RQRPA). It is found that the magnitudes of the resulting cross-sections: i) are close to the sum-rule limit at low energy, but significantly smaller than this limit at high energies both for $\nu$ and $\tilde{\nu}$, ii) they steadily increase when the size of the configuration space is augmented, and particulary for $\nu/\tilde{\nu}$ energies $> 200$ MeV, and iii) converge for sufficiently large configuration space and final state spin.Comment: Proceedings of the International Nuclear Physics Conference 2010, Vancouver, BC - Canada 4-9 Jul 201

Second-class currents in 0⁻→0⁺ and unique nuclear β transitions

The induced pseudotensor contribution to 0⁻ → 0⁺ and uniqueβ transitions has been analyzed starting from two possible forms of the nonrelativistic Hamiltonian. The role of mesonic corrections and mesonic second-class currents has been discussedFacultad de Ciencias Exacta

Therapy of Complete Edentulousness of the Lower Jaw with Fixed Bridges. Evaluation of Success for over a Period of 3 to 5 Years

Jedan od načina implantoprotetske terapije potpune bezubosti donje čeljusti jest izradba fiksnoga mosta na usadcima. Takva terapija predmijeva ugradnju 4 do 6 usadka u interforaminalno područje te izradbu mosta na usadcima. Takvi se mostovi češće fiksiraju vijcima, rjeđe cementiraju, a distalni privjesci su pravilo. Osnovni problem kod vijčano fiksirane suprastrukture jest pasivnost. S obzirom na tehnološki proces izradbe kovinske suprastrukture, termičke promjene nisu neuobičajene što rezultira pojavom napetosti prigodom fiksacije na usadke. Svaka napetost je štetna i u konačnici dovodi do mehaničkih komplikacija suprastrukture. Drugi problem su distalni privjesci. Opće je pravilo da dužina privjeska iznosi 2X, pri čemu je X okomita dužina (razmak) između zadnjeg i predzadnjeg usatka. To znači da privjesci mogu biti to duži što je bolji prostorni raspored usadaka. Drugi, manje važni problemi privjesaka tehničke su naravi i moguće ih je izbjeći pravilnim oblikovanjem suprastrukture. Prezentacija donosi procjenu uspješnosti terapi-je vijčano fiksiranim mostovima u donjim bezubim čeljustima. Razdoblje praćenja u rasponu je od 3 do 5 godina, s raščlambom komplikacija u istom vremenskom razmaku. Posebno se razmatraju mehaničke, a posebno biološke komplikacije. Analizirani su čestoća i karakter mehaničkih komplikacija. Rezultati istraživanja daju smjernice za sigurniji i uspješniji klinički rad s takvom vrstom protetske suprastrukture na usadcima.One of the methods of implantoprosthetic therapy of complete edentia/edentulousness of the lower jaw is the fabrication of a fixed bridge on implants. Such therapy assumes the placement of 4 to 6 implants in the interforamen area and construction of bridges on the implants. Such bridges are usually fixed with screws, rarely cemented, and distal cantilever are the rule. The basic problem in screwed fixed superstructures is passivity. Because of the technological process of constructing metal superstructures, thermal changes are not unusual, which results in the occurrence of tension when fixing on the implant. Any tension is harmful and finally leads to mechanical complications of the superstructure. Another problem is distal cantilever. As a general rule the length of the cantilever amounts to 2X, in which X represents the vertical length (space) between the last and the penultimate implant. This means that cantilever can be longer, which is better spatial arrangement of the implants. Other less important problems with cantilevers are of a technical nature and can be avoided by correct shaping of the superstructure. The presentation gives an evaluation of the success of therapy with screwed fixed bridges in the lower edentulous jaws. The period of monitoring ranges from 3 to 5 years, with analysis of complications in the same time period. Mechanical and biological complications are separately analysed. The frequency and character of mechanical complications are analysed. The results of the research provide guidelines for safer and more successful clinical work with such types of prosthetic superstructures on implants

Neutrino-Nucleus Reactions and Muon Capture in 12C

The neutrino-nucleus cross section and the muon capture rate are discussed within a simple formalism which facilitates the nuclear structure calculations. The corresponding formulae only depend on four types of nuclear matrix elements, which are currently used in the nuclear beta decay. We have also considered the non-locality effects arising from the velocity-dependent terms in the hadronic current. We show that for both observables in 12C the higher order relativistic corrections are of the order of ~5 only, and therefore do not play a significant role. As nuclear model framework we use the projected QRPA (PQRPA) and show that the number projection plays a crucial role in removing the degeneracy between the proton-neutron two quasiparticle states at the level of the mean field. Comparison is done with both the experimental data and the previous shell model calculations. Possible consequences of the present study on the determination of the $\nu_\mu ->\nu_e$ neutrino oscillation probability are briefly addressed.Comment: 29 pages, 6 figures, Revtex4. Several changes were made to the previous manuscript, the results and final conclusions remain unalterable. It has been accepted for publication as a Regular Article in Physical Review