Unexpected coexisting solid solutions in the quasi-binary Ag(II)F2/Cu(II)F2 phase diagram

High-temperature solid-state reaction between orthorhombic AgF2 and monoclinic CuF2 (y = 0.15, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) in a fluorine atmosphere resulted in coexisting solid solutions of Cu-poor orthorhombic and Cu-rich monoclinic phases with stoichiometry Ag1-xCuxF2. Based on X-ray powder diffraction analyses, the mutual solubility in the orthorhombic phase (AgF2 doped with Cu) appears to be at an upper limit of Cu concentration of 30 mol % (Ag0.7Cu0.3F2), while the monoclinic phase (CuF2 doped with Ag) can form a nearly stoichiometric Cu : Ag = 1 : 1 solid solution (Cu0.56Ag0.44F2), preserving the CuF2 crystal structure. Experimental data and DFT calculations showed that AgF2 doped with Cu and CuF2 doped with Ag solid solutions deviate from the classical Vegards law. Magnetic measurements of Ag1-xCuxF2 showed that the Neel temperature (TN) decreases with increasing Cu content in both phases. Likewise, theoretical DFT+U calculations for Ag1-xCuxF2 showed that the progressive substitution of Ag by Cu decreases the magnetic interaction strength (J2D) in both structures. Electrical conductivity measurements of Ag0.85Cu0.15F2 showed a ca. 2-fold increase in specific ionic conductivity (3.71 x 10-13 plus/minus 2.6 x 10-15 S/cm) as compared to pure AgF2 (1.85 x 10-13 plus/minus 1.2 x 10-15 S/cm), indicating the formation of a vacancy- or F adatom-free metal difluoride sample.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, 1 Table, and electronic supplement of 14 page

Magnetic field analysis inside of the magnetically open and closed specimens

In the paper a measured B/H curves for magnetic specimen made of the amorphous metal ribbon are presented. Measurements were made in magnetically open and closed magnetic circuits. As closed magnetic circuit transformer under no load state was used. In the case of open magnetic circuit the cylindrical specimen was measured with using the permeameter. Thus, the magnetic flux density B and magnetic flux intensity have been measured directly. Moreover, the magnetic field distributions for the transformer have been calculated by using the Finite Element Method (FEM)

Calculation of eddy current losses using the electrodynamic similarity laws

The results of the eddy currents losses calculations with using electrodynamics scaling were presented in this paper. Scaling rules were used for obtain the values of the eddy currents losses. For the calculations Finite Element Method was used. Numerical calculations were verified by measurements and a good agreement was obtained

3D field analysis in 3-phase amorphous modular transformer under increased frequency operation

The calculations results of the temperature distribution in a 3-phase transformer with modular amorphous core are presented. They were performed for two frequency values which were higher than the power system one. For the 3D field analyses the Finite Element Method (FEM) was used. The calculated temperature at the points of the core surface has been verified using an infrared camera

Measurement tests of the dynamic hysteresis loop for prototyping casting steel

The measurement tests of the dynamic hysteresis loops for the innovative composition casting steel. In measurements designed for poles of the electrical machines, especially wind generators, were presented in this paper. The measurements were performed for two frequencies of power supplying f1=10 Hz and f2=50 Hz. The power core losses obtained by integration of the dynamic hysteresis loop surfaces have been compared with those obtained by direct measurements of the source power supplying the steel probe winding.W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono sposób pomiaru dynamicznych pętli histerezy dla stali o nowatorskim składzie przeznaczonej na nabiegunniki maszyn elektrycznych, a szczególnie generatorów wiatrowych. Pomiary wykonano dla dwóch częstotliwości zasilania, a mianowicie f1=10 Hz oraz f2=50 Hz. Porównano wartości strat mocy w rdzeniu otrzymane z całkowania pola powierzchni pętli histerezy oraz metodą bezpośredniego pomiaru poboru mocy ze źródła zasilającego uzwojenie próbki stalowej

Magnetic potentials A-V and T-Ω using for 3D field analysis in transformers including eddy currents

Eddy current distributions in solid ferromagnetic bulk placed in transformer circuit, were calculated. The tested solid piece have been settled in the 1-phase amorphous magnetic circuit. Two packages (Opera 3D and Maxwell 3D) were used to create mathematical models for the magnetic field analyses. Eddy current losses have been measured and compared with the calculated ones. The verification yields good agreement and correctness of the mathematical modelling

Comparition of numerical methods for current determination under no-load transformers

In this paper, the new Modified Time Stepping Finite Element Method (MTSF) and Field- Circuit Method (FCM) for the inrusch current calculations of transformers have been presented. The computation time for MTSF and classical Time Stepping Finite Element Method (TSF) in 2D magnetic field analysis have been compared. The MTSF is about two times faster than the TSF method. We analyzed two constructions of the 1- phase transformers. The first one is amorphous modular core transformer (T1) and the second one is the conventional construction with laminated carbon steel core (T2). The comparision of the calculation and measurement results gives a good agreement

The alteration of the urinary steroid profile under the stress

In the second part of twentieth century anabolic-androgenic steroids were introduced into doping practice and received continuously increasing significance. In order to prove the usage of doping substances, the determination of steroid profile in the urine came into practice. Several factors may be responsible for alterations in the normal steroid profile for example age, sex and diet. The aim of this study was to find out, whether the psychological stress may cause modifications in the steroid profile and T/Et ratio. The effect of physical activity was also considered. The steroid profile was determined in the group of 34 students being in non-stress conditions and under stress immediately before an important university exam. The intensity of stress was rated by self-reported questionnaire. The GC/MS method was applied to determine the steroid profile in the urine samples. The results of the experiment have shown that psychological stress may cause significant changes in the steroid profile, especially in females. Physical activity, independently of stress significantly modified the steroid profile. In summary, observed changes in steroid profile suggest, that major fluctuations of T/Et and A/E ratios under the influence of stressogenic factors and physical activity are unlikely

Drugs used to treat pediatric emergencies

This clinical report is a revision of “Preparing for Pediatric Emergencies: Drugs to Consider.” It updates the list, indications, and dosages of medications used to treat pediatric emergencies in the prehospital, pediatric clinic, and emergency department settings. Although it is not an all-inclusive list of medications that may be used in all emergencies, this resource will be helpful when treating a vast majority of pediatric medical emergencies. Dosage recommendations are consistent with current emergency references such as the Advanced Pediatric Life Support and Pediatric Advanced Life Support textbooks and American Heart Association resuscitation guidelines