MicroRNA-34, microRNA-130, microRNA-148, microRNA-181, microRNA-194 and microRNA-605 expression in colon cancer tissue

Purpose of the study. Determination of the expression of microRNA‑34, microRNA‑130, microRNA‑148, microRNA‑181, microRNA‑194 and microRNA‑605 in colon tumor tissue depending on the clinical and morphological features of the tumor and the effectiveness of treatment.Materials and methods. The study included 56 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer aged 43 to 75 years with the average age of 54 years. Taking into account the local prevalence of the process patients received surgical or combined treatment, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy, in the clinics of the Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk NRMC. MicroRNA expression was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real time.Results. The obtained information revealed the relation of microRNA‑130 to the tumor size. The development of regional metastases was associated with changes in microRNA‑130, microRNA‑194 and microRNA‑605. The level of histological organization of the tumor was associated with microRNA‑34, microRNA‑130, microRNA‑148, and the response to therapy – with microRNA‑130, microRNA‑148 and microRNA‑605. In addition, according to the study, the significance of microRNA‑130 was revealed, which is associated with tumor spread, histological differentiation and response to antitumor therapy.Conclusion. The features of expression of microRNA‑34, microRNA‑130, microRNA‑148, microRNA‑181, microRNA‑194 and microRNA‑605 associated with clinical and morphological features of colon tumors were revealed. Correlations between the studied indicators are noted, which probably determine the outcome and prognosis of the disease

Multimodal therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: a case of complete clinical and radiological response of liver metastases

Background. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Population-based studies have shown that 25–30 % of patients with colorectal cancer have synchronous liver metastases at the time of diagnosis. despite modern advances in oncology and surgery, only 25 % of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are suitable for liver resection, which is the only curative treatment option for these patients. In recent years, the indications for curative treatment of mCRC have expanded. due to the introduction of new targeted drugs into clinical practice, the tumor response rate to preoperative therapy has increased, thus increasing surgical resection rate. Some patients experience a complete clinical response, which is defined as the complete disappearance of liver metastases. However, 30–70 % of patients develop recurrent metastases in the liver within the first year of follow-up, and currently, even in the presence of complete regression of metastases, it is recommended to perform resection of the initially affected hepatic segments. Case presentation. We describe a case of complete clinical and radiological response of liver metastases after chemotherapy in a patient with sigmoid colon cancer. Molecular genetic analysis revealed the wild type of the Kras, Nras and Braf genes. The patient received 3 courses of preoperative chemotherapy according to the FOLFOxIRI + Cetuximab regimen. Laparoscopic sigmoid colon resection with d3 lymph node dissection was followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (12 cycles). After 16 months of follow-up, no evidence of colon cancer recurrence and liver metastasis was found. Conclusion. Current targeted therapy has demonstrated efficacy in treating mCRC with synchronous liver metastases and makes it possible, in selected cases, to avoid the liver resection provided that a complete clinical and radiological response of the metastases is achieved

Successful surgical treatment of metachronous carcinoma of the appulla of Vater and ductal carcinoma of the distal parts of the pancreas: A case report

Background. Currently, there is a steady trend towards an increase in the incidence of both synchronous and metachronous multiple primary malignant tumors (MPMT). However, metachronous polyneoplasia of the pancreatobiliary tract is relatively rare, and there have been very few reports on successful treatment of this malignancy. Case presentation. In September 2014, the patient K. was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater (T2N0M0, stage Ib) and underwent gastropancreatoduodenal resection with the creation of pancreatic-gastric anastomosis at the Abdominal Department of Cancer Research Institute of Tomsk National Research Medical Center. There were no complications in the postoperative period. At a 6.5-year followup, no evidence of disease progression was found. In April 2021, a follow-up examination conducted at the Cancer Research Institute revealed a large lesion on the distal part of the pancreatic stump with no clinically significant manifestations. Diagnosis of MPMT was confirmed by transgastric endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations revealed undifferentiated ductal carcinoma of the pancreas. Considering the metachronous tumor localization, pancreatic stump extirpation with resection of the posterior wall of the stomach and splenectomy was performed. No complications occurred in the postoperative period. The patient received replacement therapy for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and individual correction of carbohydrate metabolism. At a 15-month follow-up, liver metastases were detected, and palliative chemotherapy was administered. The patient died 6 months later due to disease progression. The survival time was 99 months after the first surgery and 21 months after the second surgery. Conclusion. We report a rare case of metachronous cancers of the ampulla of Vater and pancreatic stump developed with an interval of 6.5 years. The patient underwent successful curative resections consecutively. The overall survival time from the date of diagnosis was 99 months

Spatiotemporal Pattern Formation in a Prey-Predator System: The Case Study of Short-Term Interactions Between Diatom Microalgae and Microcrustaceans

A simple mathematical model capable of reproducing formation of small-scale spatial structures in prey–predator system is presented. The migration activity of predators is assumed to be determined by the degree of their satiation. The hungrier individual predators migrate more frequently, randomly changing their spatial position. It has previously been demonstrated that such an individual response to local feeding conditions leads to prey–taxis and emergence of complex spatiotemporal dynamics at population level, including periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic regimes. The proposed taxis–diffusion–reaction model is applied to describe the trophic interactions in system consisting of benthic diatom microalgae and harpacticoid copepods. The analytical condition for the oscillatory instability of the homogeneous stationary state of species coexistence is given. The model parameters are identified on the basis of field observation data and knowledge on the species ecology in order to explain micro-scale spatial patterns of these organisms, which still remain obscure, and to reproduce in numerical simulations characteristic size and the expected lifetime of density patches.</jats:p

Spatiotemporal Pattern Formation in a Prey-Predator System: The Case Study of Short-Term Interactions Between Diatom Microalgae and Microcrustaceans

A simple mathematical model capable of reproducing formation of small-scale spatial structures in prey&ndash;predator system is presented. The migration activity of predators is assumed to be determined by the degree of their satiation. The hungrier individual predators migrate more frequently, randomly changing their spatial position. It has previously been demonstrated that such an individual response to local feeding conditions leads to prey&ndash;taxis and emergence of complex spatiotemporal dynamics at population level, including periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic regimes. The proposed taxis&ndash;diffusion&ndash;reaction model is applied to describe the trophic interactions in system consisting of benthic diatom microalgae and harpacticoid copepods. The analytical condition for the oscillatory instability of the homogeneous stationary state of species coexistence is given. The model parameters are identified on the basis of field observation data and knowledge on the species ecology in order to explain micro-scale spatial patterns of these organisms, which still remain obscure, and to reproduce in numerical simulations characteristic size and the expected lifetime of density patches