Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE): an underrecognized complication?

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HLA B27 allele types in homogeneous groups of juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients in Latvia

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous condition and therapeutic strategies vary in different JIA types. The routinely accepted practice to start with Sulphasalazine (SS) as the first line treatment in patients with HLA B27 positive JIA proves to be ineffective in a large proportion of children

Legal Regulation of Parallel Import in the States of the Eurasian Region

The article is devoted to the problem of regulating parallel imports in the countries of the Eurasian region, which is significant in the conditions of the modern world economy. The relevance of this issue is related to the economic sanctions applied to such states of the Eurasian region as the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The legal regulation of issues of protection of intellectual property rights in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, China, and Azerbaijan is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, as well as legal acts regulating the rights of both copyright holders and importers and consumers, who are subject to the consequences of certain decisions of copyright holders who do not consent to the import of goods into different states.Aim. Research of the legal regulation of the institution of parallel imports in the states of the Eurasian region in the context of economic sanctions.Tasks. Analysis of regulations governing the protection of intellectual property rights in the states of the Eurasian region, research of the main directions of parallel imports in the states of the Eurasian region, as well as identification of the main legal problems associated with the legalization of parallel imports in the region.Methods. Comparative legal and cross-temporal analysis of international and national regulations in the field of antitrust, copyright and customs law, as well as the study and analysis of general scientific literature and the formation of one’s own conclusions during the research.Results. As a rule, the states of the Eurasian region have established the national principle of exhaustion of rights to a trademark, and the international principle is used as an exception for certain groups of goods. The legalization of parallel imports raises several formal questions about the compliance of permission to import without the consent of the copyright holder with the international obligations of various states.Conclusions. In connection with the introduction of economic sanctions against some states of the Eurasian region, parallel imports are an effective mechanism for protecting the domestic market from abuses by copyright holders who unreasonably deny importers the right to distribute goods. Also, one of the methods to neutralize the consequences of sanctions regulation is to use the markets of other countries in the Eurasian region, which do not directly prohibit parallel imports

A GUIDELINE FOR PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION STUDIES (BASED ON MARKETING DISCOURSE TEXT SOURCES)

The notion of "professional communication" as it is known in contemporary academic literature is notably ambiguous and multidimensional. This term has gained various interpretations. There are plenty of its definitions in Russian and foreign linguistic literature (dozens in Russian and over a hundred in foreign). The reason for this may be the diversity of academic insights which is implied by multilingual communication issue research. While teaching and learning professional communication, the specification of relevant domain scopes should be prioritized. This article deals with marketing discourse, which is one of the most important institutional discourse types. Intercultural communication skills can be formulated by way of applying certain approaches and principles. While drawing up such competences, a profession-specific factor should be borne in mind. This factor is made up of three components: a linguistic, a communicative, and a cultural component. All the results described in our research are successfully implied in the teaching process in two Russian universities at the courses of linguistics for Philology students. The main goal is to describe the techniques of teaching professional communication, and challenges the students face while mastering the language of their future profession

TEACHING MARKETING TRANSLATION: DOS AND DON'TS

The proposed article deals with the problems of training multi-skilled modern translators in accordance with the actual needs of employers interested in forming a personnel reserve taking into account the requirements of the labor market. There is a need to train new-breed highly skilled translators, who speak several foreign languages and are capable of performing numerous types of translation in various kinds of environments. Comprehensive multi-level training of translation personnel will allow, on the one hand, to boost the development of a portfolio of interdisciplinary programs, the status of which is currently not institutionalized, and, on the other hand, to ensure professional mobility of graduates from prestigious language universities (for example, RUDN University and Moscow State Linguistic University). In the current context of the Russian higher education system, the university curriculum implies teaching a foreign language only within the chosen specialty. This brings about a new challenge to teachers and lecturers - to maximize students' extra-linguistic knowledge so that in the future they are able to perform professional activities globally. The authors propose a method of teaching students in marketing specialties, taking into account the needs of the market in a situation of globalization

Elevated level of antisperm antibodies as a risk factor for unfavorable pregnancy outcome after use of assisted reproductive technology

The study objective is to analyze the connection between the level ofantisperm antibodies and pregnancy outcomes in pairs who underwent in vitro fertilization procedure due to secondary infertility.Materials and methods. At the center for family planning and reproduction V.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Scientific Research Institute for Maternity and Childhood, a prospective cohort study of 46 women with a history of recurrent miscarriage and secondary infertility developed in the last year which became an indication for use of assisted reproductive technologies was performed. A comparative analysis of spermograms and MAR test results prior to ART was performed. The group 1 included pairs with MAR test result >10 %, the group 2 — MAR test result <10 %.Results. Forty-one percent (41 %) of pregnancies in the group 1 and 82.3 % of pregnancies in the group 2 resulted in term normal birth (p <0.05). A moderate positive correlation (r = 0.36) between elevated IgG level and unfavorable pregnancy outcome (miscarriage) was observed. Elevated level of antisperm antibodies increased the risk of miscarriage by 6.57 (1.67—25.78).Conclusion. Presence of antisperm antibodies on the surface of spermatozoa dramatically worsens pregnancy outcome prognosis even if the number of covered spermatozoa is between 10 and 49 %. This characteristic can be used as a predictor for reproductive failure

Therapeutic approaches in the treatment of juvenile dermatomyositis in patients with recent-onset disease and in those experiencing disease flare: an international multicenter PRINTO study

Objective To evaluate response to therapy over a 24-month period in a large prospective international cohort of patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (DM). Methods The study included 145 patients with recent-onset juvenile DM and 130 juvenile DM patients experiencing disease flare, all of whom were <18 years old. Disease activity parameters and therapeutic approaches in 4 geographic areas were analyzed at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months. Response was assessed according to the Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization (PRINTO) juvenile DM response criteria, and data were reported "as observed" and in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population. Results Patients with recent-onset juvenile DM at baseline had higher baseline disease activity and greater improvement over 24 months when compared to juvenile DM patients experiencing disease flare at baseline. Methotrexate (MTX) or high-dose corticosteroids were administered more frequently to patients with recent-onset juvenile DM, compared to juvenile DM patients experiencing disease flare, who were more likely to receive cyclosporine. Compared to patients from Western and Eastern Europe, a higher proportion of patients from South and Central America and North America received pulse steroids, and the average steroid dosage was higher in the North American and South and Central American patients. The use of MTX was similar in all 4 regions, while cyclosporin A was more frequently used in Western Europe. In the "as observed" analysis, 57.9% of the patients with recent-onset juvenile DM and 36.4% of the patients experiencing disease flare (P < 0.001) reached at least a 70% response by PRINTO criteria at 6 months; these proportions had increased at month 24 to 78.4% and 51.2%, respectively (P < 0.001). Corresponding results of the ITT analysis were much lower, with only one-third of the patients able to maintain the initial assigned therapy over 24 months. Conclusion Patients with recent-onset juvenile DM are more likely to achieve significant clinical improvement over 24 months, when compared to patients experiencing flares of juvenile DM. Internationally, various therapeutic approaches are used to treat this disease