Ten challenging questions about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) recently introduced as a global public health problem by the World Health Organization (WHO). The virus outbreak has been documented around the world. Updating data in different aspects of the virus could force us to revise our idea about the main questions concerning coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Areas covered: Although our knowledge about the SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 is largely based on the very limited data, the information is growing rapidly. The renewed answers to the specific research questions concerning updating data not only reveal gaps for future research but also re-categorized our information. Here, we attempt to briefly discuss 10 important questions about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Expert opinion: Since our knowledge about different aspects of SARS-CoV-2 appears to be in its infancy and is rapidly changing, the provision of the right data is more difficult in this regard. However, we try to rely on results from more extensive research to answer the main questions about this new virus. Therefore, further studies, particularly in the context of the virus pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development, are warranted. © 2020, © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Threats to the Critical Information Infrastructure Protection (CIIP) Posed by Modern Terrorism

The emergence of new non-state actors in the post Cold War reality have dramatically changed security environment around the globe. Modern terrorism practiced by Al Qaeda and its associated movement (AQAM) has posed serious threat to critical information infrastructure given the trend of connecting control systems that run these infrastructures to the internet. Although AQAM have not been successful to launch cyber-attack that will cause mass casualties, environment damage or financial effects, the possibility remain alarming since creativity in the age of globalization never ends. Additionally by using the so called “dot-com culture” modern terrorists effectively employ negative effects of globalization to rich to the societies’ remote pockets and Islamic social nomads and thus enlarge their capabilities to affect our critical information infrastructure. Therefore to effectively protect our CII from modern terrorists we need to consider comprehensive and holistic approach build on direct and indirect mechanisms